Effectiveness of Cocoa and Black Coffee Drinks on Post Activity Reaction Time
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Abstract
Introduction: Daily activities of medical students require high level of thinking and concentration. This condition can cause longer reaction time. It may reduce the speed and efficiency of mental processes necessary for study. The administration of cocoa and black coffee is expected to improve reaction time, resulting in better cognitive performance. Methods: A quasy experimental study parallel groups pre and posttest design was carried out in Faculty of Medicine Diponegoro University. The study included 39 second-year medical students divided into three groups; cocoa (15 mg, n = 13), black coffee (15 mg, n = 13) and control group with mineral water (150 ml, n = 13). Cocoa or black coffee powder were diluted in 150 mL water. Reaction times were Simple Reaction Time Task (SRT) and Choice Reaction Time Task (CRT) measured by Deary Liewald Reaction Time Task software. SRT and CRT measurements were carried out before and after treatment. Results: The black coffee group CRT was fastest (p = 0.001) with delta CRT -54.7 ± 44.86 ms, the cocoa group also became faster (p = 0.007) delta CRT -21.4 ± 24.30 ms while the control group became slower, but not significant (p = 0.9) delta CRT 4.2 ± 31.50 ms. The black coffee group SRT was fastest (p = 0.001) with delta SRT -43.5 ± 55.77 ms, cocoa group also became faster (p = 0.004) delta SRT -16.1 ± 23.80 ms while the control group becomes slower (p = 0.02) delta SRT 17.5 ± 21.86 ms. Conclusion: Cocoa and black coffee administration increased reaction time after daily activities.
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