Hepatic Effects of Prolonged Oral Administration of Aqueous Extracts From Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) Seeds Explored Through Pathology Techniques

Abstract

Introduction: The escalating global prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine is often linked to the financial challenges of conventional healthcare in developing nations. Trigonella foenum-graecum (TFG), commonly known as Fenugreek, it is rich in proteins, lipids, fatty acids, and minerals, offering numerous health benefits. This study explores the hepatic impact of prolonged oral ingestion of an aqueous extract from Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds in Norvegicus rattus. Materials and methods: Thirty-five Norvegicus rattus weighing 150–200g were randomly assigned to five groups, with each subjected to distinct dietary regimens containing 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% Trigonella foenum-graecum, and a control group. Liver tissues were harvested and processed, and blood samples collected through cardiac puncture for biochemical analysis, comparisons across all groups were performed for all tests using SPSS version 20, with statistical significance determined at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Trigonella foenum-graecum administration resulted in significant increases in serum ALT and AST levels, indicating potential hepatotoxicity. Lower doses exhibited reduced lipid peroxidation (MDA), while higher doses surpassed control group MDA levels, suggesting a dose-dependent response. Antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GSH, GPX) showed elevation at lower doses but declined at higher doses. Liver histological examinations revealed characteristics indicative of toxicity at higher doses. Conclusion: This study establishes the antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of Trigonella foenum-graecum, highlighting a dose-dependent relationship. While lower doses show beneficial effects, higher doses may lead to adverse effects and liver damage. These findings contribute to understanding the dual nature of Trigonella foenum-graecum in therapeutic contexts.