Balancing Affordability and Comfort: Exploring Residential Factors in Thermal Comfort Assessment of Urban Low-cost Flats in Kuala Lumpur
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Abstract
Introduction: Affordable housing in Kuala Lumpur is predominantly multi-story to optimize land use. This study evaluates thermal comfort and identifies heat exposure factors in low-cost flats during the Southwest monsoon. Materials and methods: 55 units from three low-cost flats were selected using multistage sampling. Heat parameters were measured using Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), and thermal comfort was assessed using the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). Residential factors were characterized. Results: All flats recorded ambient and radiant temperatures above recommended levels, resulting in “moderate” to “strong” UTCI thermal stress. Building age, density, and floor level significantly influenced heat exposure (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Cooling systems are essential to improve indoor air circulation and reduce heat-related risks, especially during extreme heat periods.
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