Assessment of Pathogens and Water Quality in Residential Swimming Pools in Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia

Abstract

Introduction: Swimming pools pose significant public health risks due to chemical and microbiological contaminants. This study focuses on evaluating the prevalence of faecal coliform, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while also assessing physicochemical parameters in residential swimming pools located in Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia. Materials and methods: Water samples were collected 20cm below the pool surface, preserved in 500ml sterile containers, and transported to the laboratory in iceboxes. Physicochemical analyses, including pH and residual chlorine, were performed. Microbiological examination utilized standard multiple tube fermentation and membrane filtration techniques. Results: Thirty-three swimming pools participated in the study. Physicochemical parameters revealed a mean pH of 5.8±1.2 and residual chlorine of 1.2±1.24/L. Notably, 66.7% of tested pools exhibited pH levels outside the acceptable range (7.0 to 7.9), and 75.7% had residual chlorine values below the standard level (0-0.5mg/L). Microbial analysis indicated a prevalence of 24.2% for faecal coliform, 15.1% for E. coli, and 9.1% for P. aeruginosa. Conclusion: This study highlights prevalent issues in residential swimming pools, including low pH levels, insufficient residual chlorine, and the presence of microbial contaminants. The findings underscore the need for proactive measures to enhance water quality management in domestic pools, ensuring the safety of users. Ongoing vigilance and maintenance practices, particularly monitoring pH and chlorine concentrations, are crucial to mitigate potential health hazards associated with swimming pool water. Implementing stringent protocols and regular inspections by relevant authorities can contribute to maintaining optimal pool conditions and safeguarding public health.