Sporotrichosis: An Update on Epidemiology and In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibilities of Sporothrix schenckii Isolated From Humans and Cats in Klang Valley, Malaysia

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Published: Jul 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs20.4.45
Keywords:
Sporotrichosis, Sporothrix schenckii, Malaysia, Itraconazole, Ravuconazole

Main Article Content

Jacinta Santhanam
Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, W. P. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Gayathri Thevi Selvarajah
Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Elizebeth Mah
Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, W. P. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Jasper Elvin James
Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Mohd Fuat Abdul Razak
Bacteriology Unit, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, W. P. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Raja Rajeswari Selvakumar
Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, W. P. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Muhanna M. Al-shaibani
Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, W. P. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Abstract

The epidemiological pattern of human sporotrichosis infections in Klang Valley, Malaysia and antifungal susceptibility of the causative fungal pathogen, Sporothrix schenckii was determined. A total of 67 culture positive sporotrichosis cases were recorded from 2015-2018 at three Klang Valley hospitals, with a majority in the 19-30 years age group. Association with felines represent the highest (47.76%) risk factor for sporotrichosis. The clinical presentation was predominantly lymphocutaneous infection (59.67%). S. schenckii isolates from humans and cats were tested for antifungal susceptibility using the standardized broth microdilution method. All 25 S. schenckii isolates tested were susceptible to itraconazole (MIC 0.5-2 µg/mL), while MIC was lower for ravuconazole (0.125-1 µg/ mL). Awareness and emphasis on feline associated sporotrichosis are needed in Malaysia. While itraconazole is the recommended treatment, ravuconazole may be an additional, potentially effective treatment against S. schenckii.

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How to Cite
Santhanam, J., Selvarajah, G. T., Mah, E., James, J. E., Abdul Razak, M. F., Selvakumar, R. R., & Al-shaibani, M. M. (2024). Sporotrichosis: An Update on Epidemiology and In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibilities of Sporothrix schenckii Isolated From Humans and Cats in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 20(4), 375–384. https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs20.4.45
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Vol. 20 No. 4 (2024)
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Short Communication
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