The Risk of Diabetic Foot Ulcer Based on Modifiable Factors in Patients With Diabetes mellitus : A Cross-sectional Study
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Abstract
Introduction: One of the consequences that might affect people with Diabetes mellitus is Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) (DM). Patients' features or factors may cause DFU. In this study, the risk of DFU was examined using the features of DM patients. Materials and methods: 248 persons with DM were selected for this cross-sectional study using a convenience sampling method from 6 primary health facilities in Surabaya, East Java. Both descriptive and multivariate analyses were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that 45.57% of patients with DM had a medium risk of DFU and 8.87% high risk. The variables gender, smoking habit, duration of DM, comorbidities, and blood glucose levels had a positive and significant influence on the risk of DFU, where the t-count value obtained was greater than the t-table (1.98), and the significance value was less than 0.05. Each t and p values could be seen as follows: Gender t=2,271 p=0,024, Smoking t=3,484, p=<0,001, duration of DM t=2.317, p=0.021, comorbidities t=4.265, p=0.000, and random blood glucose levels t=2.627 p=0.009. Patients with DM in this study had risk factors for experiencing DFU. Conclusion: Patients with DM can change several characteristics at risk for DFU, such as smoking habits, comorbidities, and blood glucose levels. Several variables can be managed to stop or delay the onset of DFU. As health workers, nurses must be aware of and educate DM patients appropriately to perform self-care to prevent the risk of DFU.
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