Ethyl Acetate Extract of Pereskia bleo Leaves Enhances Natural Killer Cells Activation and Cytotoxicity Against Cervical Cancer HeLa Cells
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Abstract
Introduction: The leaves of Pereskia bleo (P. bleo) have been traditionally used to treat cancer and other ailments. Previously, we reported that the ethyl acetate extract of P. bleo leaves (PBEA) induced cervical cancer cells (HeLa) death via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Considering the importance of NK cells in tumour control, in this study, the immunostimulatory effect of PBEA on NK cells, as a potential additional antitumor effect was evaluated. Materials and methods: Human NK cells were exposed to different concentrations of PBEA (1 – 200 μg/ml) and its proliferation rate was determined via MTT assay. NK cells from three healthy individuals and three cervical cancer patients were treated with 14.4 μg/mL of PBEA and co-cultured with HeLa cells for 24h to evaluate its cytotoxic activity. Target cells death was assessed by flow cytometry while ELISA was performed to determine the production of perforin, granzyme B, IFN-γ and IL-2. Results: The proliferation rate of NK cells at 24h was significantly (p<0.05) increased compared to 48h and 72h of PBEA treatment. Apoptosis of HeLa cells was markedly increased in PBEA treated NK cells from cancer patients. This extract also significantly (p<0.05) enhanced granzyme B and IFN-γ expression in NK cells from cancer patients. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that PBEA can stimulate the activation of NK cells from cancer patients and enhance its cytotoxic effect against HeLa cells.
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