Ergonomic and Anthropometric Assessment of Pineapple Harvesting Basket Based on Existing Rattan and 2017 Prototype Harvesting Basket Data

Abstract

Introduction: Pineapple harvesting using rattan basket causes significant ergonomic risk. Innovative step introduced was the development of an ergonomic basket, but it was not tested on actual harvesters. This study aims to measure physiological workload, perceived exertion and discomfort related to the use of rattan and prototype harvesting basket and respondents’ perceptions on the comfort and usability of the prototype harvesting basket. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study of 27 pineapple harvesters in Johor compared usage of rattan and prototype baskets. Data on Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE), discomfort and perceptions of use were collected using questionnaires; Fitbit Smartwatch measured heart rates and data on anthropometric measurements were collected. Energy Expenditure (EE) and physiological workload were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed according to the objectives of the study. Results: Heart rate and EE of respondents were as follows: average heart rate (AHR): 104±14 bpm for rattan basket and 108±14 bpm for prototype, corresponding EE was 7.9±2.3 kJ/min and 8.5±2.3 kJ/min, respectively (t=-0.8, p=0.40). Mean rating of RPE was 8.8±1.6, with highest discomfort reported at waist (2.7±2.6 on the Borg CR-10 scale), followed by middle back (2.1±2.6) and lower back (2.0±2.7). Majority (67%) of respondents preferred the rattan basket. Conclusion: No significant difference in heart rate and energy expenditure between the baskets. Participants preferred the rattan basket. Discomfort was primarily reported at the waist, middle back, and lower back. Feedbacks on the prototype’s shortcomings led to the initiation of a new basket design to better meet user expectations and improve ergonomic comfort.