Lauric Acid Improves Kidney Structure and Function of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Nephropathy Rats
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Abstract
Introduction: Lauric acid has the potential to reduce blood glucose, stimulate insulin secretion, and enhance antioxidant activity. However, whether lauric acid protects against diabetic nephropathy remains elusive. The study aimed to investigate the nephroprotective effects of lauric acid in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy rats. Materials and methods: Lauric acid was orally administered to diabetic rats for 8 weeks at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight (bwt). Changes in fasting blood glucose (FBG), glucose tolerance, insulin levels, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were investigated. Biochemical and histological examinations were performed to determine treatment effects on the kidneys structure and function. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis was employed to identify potential infrared spectral biomarkers. Results: We showed that all treatment doses increased SOD and CAT levels as well as decreased serum creatinine levels and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). However, a significant decrease in FBG levels and an increase in insulin levels were observed exclusively in the DLA50 and DLA100 groups. Meanwhile, only DLA50 animals exhibited normalized MDA levels, increased glomeruli size, and had well-defined tubules. These results are corroborated by findings obtained from hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) for FTIR peak intensity at wavenumbers 1511 and 1545 cm-1. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that lauric acid exerts nephroprotective effects in diabetic rats by improving antioxidant activities and positively influencing glucose and insulin levels. These insights contribute to the therapeutic potential of lauric acid in mitigating diabetic nephropathy.
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