A Rare Case of Lucio Phenomenon Associated With Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis in Indonesia

Abstract

Lucio phenomenon is a rare leprosy reaction that can occur in untreated or inadequately treated leprosy. It is characterized by erythematous macules and slightly infiltrated plaques which then turn into superficial ulceration and central necrosis. The pathophysiological mechanism remains unclear, but diffuse mycobacterial infiltration and increased immune response resulting in vasculitis are the best-known hypotheses. Mycobacterium leprae and the newly discovered, Mycobacterium lepromatosis has been associated with the pathogenesis of Lucio phenomenon, although a causal relationship has not been established. This case report adds to the list of Lucio phenomenon cases where the organism Mycobacterium lepromatosis was found, together with Mycobacterium leprae.