The Role of the Maternal and Child Health Book (Buku KIA) in Optimizing the Growth of Toddlers
Main Article Content
Abstract
Early childhood development is crucial, particularly within the first 1,000 days of life. Maternal care significantly influences this phase, with tools like the Maternal and Child Health Book (KIA) in Indonesia intended to support child growth and development. Despite its widespread use, the impact of KIA book utilization on toddler growth outcomes needs further investigation. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the KIA book for optimizing toddler growth in Karanganyar Regency, Indonesia. Materials and methods: An analytical observational cross-sectional study was conducted with 99 mothers of toddlers aged 1-5 years from Sidomukti Village. Data were collected through questionnaires and anthropometric measurements, including height-for-age, a key indicator of stunting status. The study focused on the relationship between KIA book usage and toddler stunting status. Data analysis was performed using STATA version 17. Results: Of the 99 children, 87.9% had normal growth status. Effective use of the KIA book was significantly associated with better growth outcomes, showing an adjusted odds ratio of 4.6 (95% CI: 1.2-18.4, p < 0.05). While maternal age, education, number of children, and employment status were examined, none of these factors showed statistically significant associations with toddler growth (p > 0.05), highlighting that the KIA book utilization may be a more influential factor in promoting normal growth. Conclusion: The proper use of the KIA book correlates with improved toddler growth, indicating the potential benefits of increased engagement with this tool. The findings emphasize the need for interventions aimed at increasing maternal use of health monitoring resources to support child development effectively.
Downloads
Article Details
References
UNICEF SA. First 1000 days: The critical window to ensure that children survive and thrive. 2017. p. 1–3.
Britto PR, Lye SJ, Proulx K, Yousafzai AK, Matthews SG, Vaivada T, et al. Nurturing care: promoting early childhood development. Lancet. 2017 Jan;389(10064):91–102.
Kemenkes RI. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No 25 Tahun 2014 tentang Upaya Kesehatan Anak. Indonesia: Kemenkes RI; 2014.
BKKBN. Buku Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak (Buku KIA) - Sarana komunikasi antara ibu dan petugas kesehatan. 2024.
BKKBN. Buku KIA (Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak): Memantau Perkembangan Kesehatan Ibu dan Bayi. 2020.
Kemenkes RI. Profil Kesehatan Tahun 2023 Kabupaten Karanganyar. 2023;
Kemenkes RI. Profil Kesehatan Tahun 2018. 2018.
Keumalahayati K, Supriyanti S. Pengaruh Terapi Musik Klasik Beethoven untuk Mengurangi Kecemasan pada Ibu Bersalin Pre Operasi Sectio Caesar. Jkep. 2018;3(2):96–107.
WHO. Malnutrition in children. 2022.
Karanganyar D. Profil Kesehatan Tahun 2022 Kabupaten Karanganyar [Internet]. 2023.
Mkhize M, Sibanda M. A review of selected studies on the factors associated with the nutrition status of children under the age of five years in South Africa. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(21):7973.
Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang AG. Statistical power analyses using G* Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods. 2009;41(4):1149–60.
Bland JM, Altman D. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet. 1986;327(8476):307–10.
Hirota T, Nishimura T, Mikami M, Saito M, Nakamura K. The Role of the Maternal and Child Health Handbook in Developmental Surveillance: The Exploration of Milestone Attainment Trajectories. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:902158.
StataCorp. Stata 17: Statistical software. StataCorp LLC; 2021.
Rezaeizadeh G, Mansournia MA, Keshtkar A, Farahani Z, Zarepour F, Sharafkhah M. Maternal education and its influence on child growth and nutritional status during the first two years of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine. 2024; 71: 102574. Publ Full Text.
Jardí C, Casanova BD, Arija V. Nutrition education programs aimed at african mothers of infant children: A systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(14):7709.
Liu C, Eriksson T. Maternal education, child health and nutrition—evidence from China’s compulsory education law. Appl Econ. 2023;55(38):4455–68.
Mohamed Ahmed Ayed M, Kamel Yousef Ali F, Sayed Masoed Sayed E. Effect of Mothers’ Nutritional Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices in Childcare on the Growth of Children. Egypt J Heal Care. 2021;12(2):371–82.
Khani Jeihooni A, Mohammadkhah F, Razmjouie F, Harsini PA, Sedghi Jahromi F. Effect of educational intervention based on health belief model on mothers monitoring growth of 6–12 months child with growth disorders. BMC Pediatr. 2022;22(1):561.
Tahmasebi R, Najafi Sharjabad F, Seyedtabib M, Araban M, Ahmadi Angali K, Borazjani F. Maternal Knowledge and Beliefs About Child Growth Monitoring and Promotion Program Based on the Health Belief Model and Its Relationship With Child Growth Parameters. J Holist Nurs Midwifery. 2022;32(3):210–8.
Schummers L, Hacker MR, Williams PL, Hutcheon JA, Vanderweele TJ, McElrath TF, et al. Variation in relationships between maternal age at first birth and pregnancy outcomes by maternal race: a population-based cohort study in the United States. BMJ Open. 2019;9(12):e033697.
Schummers L, Hutcheon JA, Hacker MR, VanderWeele TJ, Williams PL, McElrath TF, et al. Absolute risks of obstetric outcomes risks by maternal age at first birth: A population-based cohort. Epidemiology. 2018;29(3):379–87.
Montori MG, Martínez AÁ, Álvarez CL, Cuchí NA, Alcalá PM, Ruiz-Martínez S. Advanced maternal age and adverse pregnancy outcomes: A cohort study. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2021;60(1):119–24.
Geeta Channal, Sannapapamma Kj, Rajeshwari Desai, V. Muktamath RY. Nutritional knowledge and practices followed by rural women: An exploratory study. Int J Agric Ext Soc Dev. 2024;7(1):652–6.
Nafia ZI, Shodiq IZ, Handayani L. Nutritional status of children under five years in the work area of puskesmas cipadung. Dis Prev Public Heal J. 2021;15(2):125.
Tariq I, Khan JI, Malik MA. Decomposing acute malnutrition by educational inequality of mother’s among under five children in Jammu and Kashmir. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):10493.
Laksono AD, Wulandari RD, Amaliah N, Wisnuwardani RW. Stunting among children under two years in Indonesia: Does maternal education matter? PLoS One. 2022;17(7):e0271509.
Rahayuwati L, Komariah M, Hendrawati S, Sari CWM, Yani DI, Setiawan AS, et al. Exploring the relationship between maternal education, parenting practice, and stunting among children under five: Findings from a cross-sectional study in Indonesia. F1000Research. 2023;12:722.
Kiik SM, Nuwa MS. Maternal factors in stunting among vulnerable children. J Keperawatan Indones. 2021;24(2):82–9.
Dwomoh D. Geospatial analysis of determinants of neonatal mortality in Ghana. BMC Public Health. 2021;21:1–18.
Li Z, Kim R, Vollmer S, Subramanian S V. Factors associated with child stunting, wasting, and underweight in 35 low-and middle-income countries. JAMA Netw open. 2020;3(4):e203386–e203386.
Masuda K, Yamauchi C. How does female education reduce adolescent pregnancy and improve child health?: Evidence from Uganda’s universal primary education for fully treated cohorts. J Dev Stud. 2020;56(1):63–86.
Fervers L, Kurowska A. Local cultural context as a moderator of the impact of childcare on maternal employment: Evidence from a natural experiment. J Eur Soc Policy. 2022;32(3):239–53.
Scarborough WJ, Landivar LC, Collins C, Ruppanner L. Norms, Childcare Costs, and Maternal Employment. Gend Soc. 2021;35(6).
Sharma V. A Comparative Study to Assess the Nutritional Status among School Age Children of Employed and Unemployed Mothers (A Study in Selected Schools of Nepalgunj, Banke, Nepal). Community J Has Penelit dan Pengabdi Masy. 2023;2(2):115–40.