Polyhydroxyalkanoate and Stingless Bee ‘kelulut’ Propolis Improve Skin Wound Healing in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
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Abstract
Introduction: Chronic skin wounds in patients with serious medical conditions can significantly impact their clinical, social, and economic wellbeing. Diabetic wounds often become chronic due to infection and poor circulation. Currently, there is a lack of treatment options on effective wound management in these complex conditions. This study evaluates wound dressing patches made from polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and stingless bee propolis in experimental diabetic rats. Materials and methods: PHA and propolis were evaluated in vitro as biocompatible wound dressing materials by studying human dermal fibroblast (HDF) viability, cellular migration, gene expression and PHA haemocompatibility. PHA and propolis were evaluated in vivo to treat burn wounds in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Results: The HDF scratch migration assay was significantly enhanced in culture media containing 10 μg/mL propolis at three time points (P < 0.05). PHA displayed good haemocompatibility (3.3%) and a high absorption capacity (1200%), while its water contact angle indicated slight hydrophobicity. SEM analysis showed that the PHA+propolis and propolis-only groups had an average pore size of 150 μm. VEGF and b-FGF gene expressions in HDF cultured on various materials were higher in the PHA+propolis and propolis-only groups, though differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In vivo, PHA+propolis patches exhibited significant wound contraction and healing via scab formation in burn wounds. Conclusion: The combination of PHA and propolis demonstrated promising results in treating experimental wounds in diabetic rats, suggesting it could be a low-cost, safe, and effective option for managing complex skin wounds.
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