Methodological Insights Into Gut Microbiome Profiling: A Comprehensive Review with Emphasis on Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder
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Abstract
Recently, evidence has linked alterations in gut microbiota composition with mental illnesses, particularly bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Previous human-gut microbiome studies have shown inconsistent results, and these inconsistencies may be attributed to the varying effects of methodological approaches on sample quality and data interpretation. This highlights the need for a comprehensive, standardised approach in gut microbiome research, especially regarding BD and MDD. In this methodological review, we evaluate the technical aspects of gut microbiota studies in BD and MDD conducted between 2018 and 2023, including sampling, DNA extraction, gene preparation, sequencing and bioinformatics analyses. Through evaluating existing methodologies, this review provides researchers with technical recommendations and standardisation guidelines to enhance the quality and consistency of future psychiatric microbiome research.
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