Gc–ms Analysis and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Cosmos Caudatus Extracts in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) Cells
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Abstract
Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent and aggressive form of oral malignancy. Despite advancements in treatment modalities, OSCC continues to exhibit high morbidity and mortality rates, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. Cosmos caudatus (CC), an endemic to Mesoamerica, is reported to retain anticancer potency against various cancer types like cervical, breast, and leukemia. These beneficial properties are linked to its rich phytochemical content. Methods: GC-MS analysis was performed on aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of CC. MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxic effect of both extracts on HSC-2 cells. Results: The GC-MS analysis of crude extracts from both solvents revealed 13 bioactive compounds. MTT assay revealed that both extracts had cytotoxic effects on HSC-2 cells. CCME showed a stronger inhibitory effect on HSC-2 cell line at different time points, 24, 48, and 72 hours with IC50 of 0.26, 0.24, and 0.31 mg/ml, respectively. The CCAE inhibition effect was detected at 48 and 72 hours with IC50 of 2.1 and 0.93 mg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: Major compounds retaining bioactive properties were identified from CCAE and CCME. Both extracts retain the anticancer effect on HSC-2 cell line. Thus, further studies should focus on the leaves of Cosmos caudatus.
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