The Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Common Mental Health Problems Among Young Adults in a Public University in Malaysia
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Abstract
Introduction: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are an increasing public health concern that potentially has lasting adverse effects on health and well-being. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ACEs according to the different subtypes, as well as the relationship between ACEs and common mental health problems, which are depression, anxiety, and stress. Materials and methods: A total of 372 eligible respondents from 12 consented faculties and one school in Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang campus, participated in this study. ACEs were measured using the WHO ACE International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ), which was modified for this study, and mental health problems were measured using the DASS-21. Result: Emotional neglect (46.2%) was found to be the most common ACEs subtype, with more than 3/4th of the respondents reporting an ACEs score of less than four (80.4%). The majority had normal scores for stress (91.9%), anxiety (65.9%) and depression (78%), with 1.3% (n=5) had severe depression, 1.6% (n=6) had extremely severe anxiety, 5.9% (n=22) had severe anxiety and 2.2% (n=8) had a moderate level of stress. All three common mental health problems were significantly associated with ACEs, with those who experienced ACEs score of four or more having 2.823 (95% CI:), 3.173 (95% CI:), and 3.594 (95% CI:) odds of developing depression, anxiety, and stress respectively. Conclusion: Despite the strong link between ACEs and common mental health problems, early screening and intervention may reduce the likelihood of negative impacts. Clinicians are integral in identifying childhood adversities and offering supportive measures to minimize adverse effects.
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