Development and Validation of Salt@Home Questionnaire Measuring Salt Intake
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Abstract
Introduction: The Salt@Home method seeks to explore an effective approach for estimating sodium and salt consumption from food and identifying sources of dietary salt intake, implementing a method comparable to 24-hour urine collection and Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ). Materials and Method: The Salt@Home Questionnaire involves households which assess various psychosocial and nutritional factors related to dietary salt intake, such as knowledge, attitude, practice, self-efficacy, and challenges in reducing salt consumption, covering diet, monosodium glutamate intake, sodium intake, lifestyle, and physical activity. The questionnaire consists of 18 sections with 138 items. The face validity was tested with 10 adults, and content validity was assessed by eight experts from diverse backgrounds. Results: The face validity index (S-FVI) values were deemed acceptable with scores of 0.961, 0.960, and 0.977 for relevance, clarity, and essentiality, respectively. The content validity index (S-CVI) values also met acceptable values with scores of 0.952, 0.963, and 0.957 for relevance, clarity, and essentiality. The content validity ratio (CVR) exceeded the minimum value of 0.8. Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients for all sections ranged from 0.52 to 0.93, indicating moderate to excellent reliability. Conclusion: The Salt@Home Questionnaire demonstrated acceptable FVI, CVI, CVR, and Cronbach’s Alpha values, ensuring that all sections are suitable for future studies on dietary salt intake. Further research on the Salt@Home method could enhance understanding of household salt intake without requiring laboratory analysis, making it accessible to non-professionals.
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