A Regional Cross-sectional Study: Insight for Covid-19 Booster Dose Acceptance in Kolkata, India

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic, declared a global health crisis by the WHO in March 2020, accelerated vaccine development. Despite widespread availability, vaccine hesitancy remains a challenge. This study examines factors influencing acceptance and preference for COVID-19 booster doses in Kolkata, India. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2022 to March 2023 using a self-administered online questionnaire distributed via social media platforms, including WhatsApp and Facebook. Participants aged 18 and above in Kolkata responded through Google Forms. Descriptive analyses and multivariable logistic regression assessed factors influencing booster dose acceptance. Sampling was conducted through professional and community networks, though individuals with limited digital access were excluded. Results: Among 503 participants, 93.4% accepted the booster dose, and 63.8% had received it. Participants preferred vaccines with effectiveness thresholds below 90%, prioritizing protection lasting ≥12 months with minimal side effects. The most influential factor in vaccine choice was effectiveness (48.7%), followed by concern about side effects (37.6%). Logistic regression indicated occupational group and gender significantly impacted booster acceptance. A limitation was the overrepresentation of younger, male, and highly educated individuals, potentially affecting generalizability. Conclusion: High acceptance of the COVID-19 booster dose was observed. Vaccine effectiveness and side effects were key in decision-making. However, self-reported data and limited inclusion of older or rural populations highlight the need for broader studies. Tailored communication strategies are essential to boost uptake and ensure vaccination programs evolve from government initiatives into inclusive public health efforts.