Parental Nonpharmacological Therapy To Reduce Fever In Children At Home: A Scoping Review
Main Article Content
Abstract
Parents view fever as a disease and give fever-reducing medication before consulting a medical professional. However, there are conflicts and concerns about giving fever-reducing medication. Different views on fever cause variations in treatment approaches. This study aims to determine the non-pharmacological therapies used by families in treating children with fever at home. This study employed the scooping review method. Crossref, PubMed, Scopus, Semantic, and Google Scholar searches were used to identify literature. The final results found nine articles that were synthesized narratively. Non-pharmacological therapies found included warm compresses, shallots, dadap serep leaves, aloe vera, and soaking feet in warm water. Nurses can play an important role in educating parents about proper fever management. In conclusion, a coordinated approach between parents and health workers is essential in treating children's fever at home.
Downloads
Article Details
References
El-Radhi ASM. Fever management: Evidence vs current practice . World J Clin Pediatr. 2012;1(4):29-33 https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v1.i4.29.
Chen Y, Huang R, Lu Y, Zhang K. Education Fever in China: Children’s Academic Performance and Parents’ Life Satisfaction. J Happiness Stud [Internet]. 2021;22(2):927–54. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00258-0
Chang LC, Liu CC, Huang MC. Parental knowledge, concerns, and management of childhood fever in Taiwan. J Nurs Res. 2013;21(4):252–60.
Green C, Krafft H, Guyatt G, Martin D. Symptomatic fever management in children: A systematic review of national and international guidelines. PLoS One [Internet]. 2021;16(6 June 2021):1–25. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245815
Purssell E, Collin J. Fever phobia: The impact of time and mortality – A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud [Internet]. 2015;56:81–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.11.001
Wrotek S, Legrand EK, Dzialuk A, Alcock J. Let fever do its job. Evol Med Public Heal. 2021;9(1):26–35. https://doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoaa047
Green R, Jeena P, Kotze S, Lewis H, Webb D, Wells M. Management of acute fever in children: Guideline for community healthcare providers and pharmacists. South African Med J. 2013;103(12):948–954. https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.7203
Kelly M, McCarthy S, O’Sullivan R, Shiely F, Larkin P, Brenner M, et al. Drivers for inappropriate fever management in children: a systematic review. Int J Clin Pharm. 2016;38(4):761–770. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-016-0292-6
Khasanah U, Efendi F, Has EMM, Adnani QES, Ramadhan K, Arna YD, et al. Healthcare-seeking behavior for children aged 0–59 months: Evidence from 2002–2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys. PLoS One [Internet]. 2023;18(2):1–17. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281543
Talebi S, Shahrabadi H, Sabzevar A, Talebi S, Siyavoshi M. Mothers’ management of fever of children in Sabzevar. J Nurs Midwifery Sci. 2016;3(2):32. https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.jnms.3.2.32
Martins M, Abecasis F. Healthcare professionals approach paediatric fever in significantly different ways and fever phobia is not just limited to parents. Acta Paediatr Int J Paediatr. 2016;105(7):829–33. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13394
Tavan A, Monemi E, Keshavarz F, Kazemi B, Nematollahi M. The effect of simulation-based education on parental management of fever in children: a quasi-experimental study. BMC Nurs [Internet]. 2022;21(1):1–7. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022-00938-7
AlAteeq MM, AlBader BO, Al‑Howti SY, Alsharyoufi M, Abdullah JB. Parent’s knowledge and practice in home management of fever in their children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. J Fam Med Prim Care [Internet]. 2018;7. Available from: http://www.jfmpc.com/article.asp?issn=2249-4863;year=2017;volume=6;issue=1;spage=169;epage=170;aulast=Faizi
Villarejo-Rodríguez MG, Rodríguez-Martín B. Parental approach to the management of childhood fever: Differences between health professional and non-health professional parents. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203925
George M, Phelps MA, Kitzmiller JP. Acetaminophen pediatric dose selection: Caregiver satisfaction regarding the antipyretic efficacy of acetaminophen in children. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2012;51(11):1030–1. https://doi.org/10.1177/0009922812459950
Pereira GL, Dagostini JMC, Dal Pizzol TDS. Alternating antipyretics in the treatment of fever in children: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2012;88(4):289–296. https://doi.org/10.2223/JPED.2206
Trippella G, Ciarcià M, De Martino M, Chiappini E. Prescribing controversies: An updated review and meta-analysis on combined/alternating use of ibuprofen and paracetamol in febrile children. Front Pediatr. 2019;7(JUN):1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2019.00217
Watts R, Robertson J. Non-pharmacological Management of Fever in Otherwise Healthy Children. JBI Libr Syst Rev. 2012;10(28):1634–1687. https://doi.org/10.11124/jbisrir-2012-37
de Martino M, Chiarugi A, Boner A, Montini G, de’ Angelis GL. Working Towards an Appropriate Use of Ibuprofen in Children: An Evidence-Based Appraisal. Drugs. 2017;77(12):1295–1311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-017-0763-3
Zakharova IN, Berezhnaya I V., Sugian NG, Svintsitskaya VI, Novikov D V., Fedorov P V., et al. Antipyretic drugs: benefits and undesirable consequences. Meditsinskiy Sov. 2022;2022(12):136–144. https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2022-12-136-144
Avellaneda C, Gómez-Luque A, Martos F, Rubio M, Sarmiento J, De La Cuesta FS. The effect of a single intravenous dose of metamizol 2 g, ketorolac 30 mg and propacetamol 1 g on haemodynamic parameters and postoperative pain after heart surgery. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2000;17(2):85–90. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2346.2000.00516.x
Polderman KH. Mechanisms of action, physiological effects, and complications of hypothermia. Crit Care Med. 2009;37(SUPPL. 7). https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181aa5241
Ninot G. Non- Pharmacological Interventions. Switzerland: Springer; 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73386-6
Zyoud SH, Al-Jabi SW, Sweileh WM, Nabulsi MM, Tubaila MF, Awang R, et al. Beliefs and practices regarding childhood fever among parents: A cross-sectional study from Palestine. BMC Pediatr. 2013;13(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-13-66
Barutcu A, Barutcu S. Evaluation of knowledge, attitudes and practices of parents presenting to a hospital emergency department with a complaint of fever in a child. Signa Vitae. 2020;16(1):123–129. https://doi.org/10.22514/SV.2020.16.0015
Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Mohamad SS, Ahmed SM, Tawfic AH, Aboelmagd AN. Effect of Warm Water Foot Bath Therapy on Body Temperature among Children with Fever. SYLWAN. 2021; https://doi.org/10.47104/ebnrojs3.v2i4.179
El-Naggar NSM, Mohamed HR. Effectiveness of Warm Water Footbath on Temperature and Fatigue among Children with Fever. Evidence-Based Nurs Res. 2021;2(4):11.
Pereira AC, Sebastian S. Effectiveness of hot water foot bath therapy in reduction of temperature among children (6-12 years) with fever in selected hospitals at Mangaluru. Int J Appl Res [Internet]. 2018;4(1):86–92. Available from: www.allresearchjournal.com
Sharma K, Kumari R. A study to assess the effectiveness of impact of hot water foot immersion therapy on regulation of body temperature among patients with fever admitted in Sharda Hospital, Greater Noida. Int J Nurs Educ. 2019;11(1):26.
Sunar S. An experimental study to assess the effect of hot water foot bath in patients with fever admitted in selected hospitals of Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation, Pune. Community Public Heal Nurs [Internet]. 2017;2(1):25–9. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/cphn.2455.8621.2117.4
Mandal I, Datta S, Ahamed N, De P. Effectiveness of Warm Water Foot-Bath Therapy on Physiological Parameters of Children with Fever at a Selected Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal. J Nurs Sci Pract. 2014;4(2).
Mardhiah. The Effect of Shallot Compresses on Decreasing Body Temperature in Children With Fever. Caring Indones J Nurs Sci. 2022;4(1):55–64.
Anuhgera DE, Ritonga NJ, Sitorus R, Handayani D, Siregar WW, Damayanti . Combination of Red Onion Compress with Virgin Coconut Oil to Reduce Children’s Fever. Int Conf Heal Informatics Med Appl Technol. 2019;459–66.
Setiawandari S, Istiqomah I, Ximenes MDS. Innovation of Shallot (Allium Ascalonicum L) Essential Oil for Fever Reduction in Infants Post DTaP Immunization. J Heal Sci. 2021;14(3):187–95.
Akib H, Megawati. Perbedaan efektifitas pemberian kompres hangat dan kompres bawang merah terhadap penurunan suhu tubuh anak usia 0-1 tahun yang mengalami demam pasca imunisasi dpt di desa semboro. J Kesehat dr Soebandi. 2018;5(1):329–33.
Yuliana F, Andriani KE, Friscilla I. Use Of Red Onion As A Fever Reduce In Children: Literature Review. Int Conf Heal Sci. 2021;1.
Dorrigiv M, Zareiyan A, Hosseinzadeh H. Onion (Allium cepa) and its main constituents as antidotes or protective agents against natural or chemical toxicities: A comprehensive review. Iran J Pharm Res. 2021;20(1):3–26.
Awatiszahro A, Nirwana BS, Rofiah K, Sefika PR, Ulum H. Erythrina Subumbrans Compress To Reduce Fever Of Children With Hyperthermia. J Glob Res Public Heal. 2023;8(2):170–2.
Saukiyatunnufus, Tahun OD. The Effectiveness of Compressing Leaves (Erythrina Lithosperma) in Reducing Body Temperature in Toddlers at the Bojonegara Health Center. Influ Int J Sci Rev [Internet]. 2022;4(3):67–73. Available from: http://influence-journal.com/index.php/influence/article/view/87
Septiana VE, Wijayatri R, Hidayat IW. Formulation of Dadap Serep Leaf Extract Balm(Erythrina Subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr). 14th Univ Res Colloqium 2021 Sekol Tinggi Ilmu Ekon Muhammadiyah Cilacap. 2021;1:910–7.
Shao F, Yang AJ, Yu DM, Wang J, Gong X, Tian HX. Bio-synthesis of Barleria gibsoni leaf extract mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles and their formulation gel for wound therapy in nursing care of infants and children. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol [Internet]. 2018;189:267–73. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.10.014
Wanjari AS, Wanjari DS. An Overview on Herbal Medicine. Res J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2019;11(1):14.
Mugiyanto E, Slamet, Fatmala R. Karakterisasi Simplisia dan Ekstrak Antipiretik Daun Dadap Serep (Erythrina Lithosperma Miq) dari Kabupaten Pekalongan. Urecol. 2018;669–74.
Astuti SCD, Suhartono, Ngadiyono, Supriayana. Aloe Vera Barbadensis Miller As an Alternative. Belitung Nurs J. 2017;3(5):595–602.
Sadoyu S, Rungruang C, Wattanavijitkul T, Sawangjit R, Thakkinstian A, Chaiyakunapruk N. Aloe vera and health outcomes: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Phyther Res. 2021;35(2):555–76.
Jain S, Rathod N, Nagi R, Sur J, Laheji A, Gupta N, et al. Antibacterial effect of aloe vera gel against oral pathogens: An in-vitro study. J Clin Diagnostic Res. 2016;10(11): DOI:10.7860/JCDR/2016/21450.8890.
Rjasekaran S, Sivagnanam K, Subramanian S. Antioxidant effect of Aloe vera gel extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Pharmacol Reports. 2005;57(1):90–6.
Novidha DH, Zubaidah Z. Pengaruh Pemberian Kompres Lidah Buaya (Aloe Vera) terhadap Penurunan Suhu Bayi Pasca Imunisasi DPT-HB. Faletehan Heal J. 2023;10(03):270–7.
Karra AKD, Anas MA, Hafid MA, Rahim R. The Difference Between the Conventional Warm Compress and Tepid Sponge Technique Warm Compress in the Body Temperature Changes of Pediatric Patients with Typhoid Fever. J Ners. 2019;14(3 Special Issue):321–6.
Burhan NZ, Arbianingsih, Rauf S, Huriati. Effectiveness of Giving Compress Against Reduction of Body Temperature In Children: Systematic Review. J Nurs Pract. 2020;3(2):226–32.
Souza MV de, Souza DM de, Damião EBC, Buchhorn SMM, Rossato LM, Salvetti M de G. Effectiveness of warm compresses in reducing the temperature of febrile children: A pilot randomized clinical trial. Rev da Esc Enferm da USP. 2022;56:1–9.
Lismayanti L, Abdul Malik A, Siti Padilah N, Anisa Firdaus F, Setiawan H. Warm Compress on Lowering Body Temperature Among Hyperthermia Patients: A Literature Review. Int J Nurs Heal Serv. 2021;4(3):344–55.
Nurhanifah D, Qamariah S, Darmayanti D. The Effectiveness Of Giving Warm Water Compresses To Reduce Typhoid Fever. J Citra Keperawatan. 2022;10(2):109–17.
Gunawan A, Nur’apipah P, Dwi Mulyani M, Suhanda, Hidayat N. Implementation of Use of Warm Compress Therapy to Lower Body Temperature in Patient with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. Kian J. 2022;1(1):21–6.
Bong WT, Tan CE. Knowledge and concerns of parents regarding childhood fever at a public health clinic in Kuching, East Malaysia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2018;6(10):1928–33. DOI:10.3889/oamjms.2018.339
Walsh A, Edwards H. Management of childhood fever by parents: Literature review. J Adv Nurs. 2006;54(2):217–27. DOI: 10.111/j.1365-2648.2006.03802.x
Crocetti M, Moghbeli N, Serwint J. Fever phobia revisited: Have parental misconceptions about fever changed in 20 years? Pediatrics. 2001;107(6):1241–6. DOI:10.1542/peds.107.6.1241.
Kelly M, Sahm LJ, Shiely F, O’Sullivan R, McGillicuddy A, McCarthy S. Parental knowledge, attitudes and beliefs regarding fever in children: An interview study. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2016;16(1):1–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3224-5
Patricia C. Evidence-Based Management of Childhood Fever: What Pediatric Nurses Need to Know. J Pediatr Nurs. 2014;29(4):372–5.
Wilson KM, Beggs SA, Zosky GR, Bereznicki LR, Bereznicki BJ. Parental knowledge, beliefs and management of childhood fever in Australia: A nationwide survey. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2019;44(5):768–74. DOI: 10.111/jcpt.13000.
Assimamaw NT, Gonete AT, Terefe B. Survey of knowledge, practice, and associated factors toward home management of childhood fever among parents visiting Gondar health facilities in 2022. Front Pediatr [Internet]. 2024;12(March):1–11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2024.1100828
Kasem Alaswad N. Effect of Nursing Educational Sessions about Fever on Knowledge and Practices of Mothers at Pediatric Surgical Unit. Egypt J Heal Care. 2023;14(1):1313–27.
Toksoz F, Acikgoz A. Randomized controlled study: The effect of video-based distance education for approaching children with fever on parents’ knowledge levels and fever management. J Pediatr Nurs. 2024;76.
De S, Tong A, Isaacs D, Craig JC. Parental perspectives on evaluation and management of fever in young infants: An interview study. Arch Dis Child. 2014;99(8):717–23. DOI:10.1136/archdischild-2013-303882.