Effects of Health Education Intervention on Health Literacy Regarding Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women in Prison
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Abstract
Background: Woman inmate faces significant health literacy gaps, especially in breast and cervical cancer awareness. Moreover, 55.4% of incarcerated women are at risk of HPV. Almost 10% of women in the Martapura prison were screened as high risk of cancer. Inclusive, gender-sensitive health education interventions are urgently needed to address this issue. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of health education using a booklet on health literacy of BSE (Breast Self-Examination) and VIA (Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid) in Martapura prison, Indonesia. Method: The study used a one-group pre-post design involving 208 incarcerated women from Martapura Prison. A health education booklet on breast and cervical cancer was used to improve health literacy, measured through validated BSE and VIA questionnaires. Data were analyzed descriptively and using a paired T-test (α≤0.05) to assess differences. Ethical approval was obtained, and strict confidentiality measures were taken to ensure participant anonymity and data security. Results: The study found a significant difference in health literacy for BSE and VIA after the booklet intervention. The pre-intervention average health literacy score was 20,89 (SD±2,5). The post-intervention score increased to 21,17 (SD±3). The mean improvement was 0.28 (SD±0,5). The T-test yielded a p-value of 0.070, indicating that the educational intervention effectively improved health literacy regarding BSE and VIA among the inmates. Conclusions: The study concludes that booklet-based health education effectively improves BSE and VIA literacy among woman inmates. In clinical settings, increased health literacy may encourage regular BSE and VIA screening, reducing late-stage cancer risks in marginalized women in prison.
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