Association Between Body Composition and Protein Intake Among Patients With Breast Cancer in Klang Valley
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Abstract
Introduction: Cancer is a catabolic disease that can significantly impact dietary intake and body composition of the patients. This study aimed to evaluate the association between dietary intake and body composition of patients with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved patients with breast cancer stage I-III visiting a state hospital and a cancer support centre. Socio-demographic, medical history, anthropometric, and dietary data were collected. Body composition was evaluated using a bioimpedance analyser and handgrip strength was assessed using a hand dynamometer. Sarcopenia was defined by low appendicular skeletal muscle index and low handgrip strength according to the cutoff values recommended by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. The associations between the parameters were analysed. Results: A total of 71 patients with median age of 60.7 (50.6 - 67.1) years were recruited. The median BMI of the patients was 25.1 (21.8 – 29.8) kg/m² with majority being obese (55%). About one-third were sarcopenic. The mean energy and protein intake adjusted by body weight were 20 ± 8 kcal/kg/day and 0.9 ± 0.4 g/kg/day, respectively. While no correlation was found between protein intake and skeletal muscle mass, protein intake was negatively correlated with fat mass (r = -0.247, p = 0.038) and fat mass index (r = -0.275, p = 0.020). Conclusion: Sarcopenia was prevalent among patients living with breast cancer and most patients did not meet their nutrition requirements. Protein intake potentially influences body composition, particularly fat mass. These findings warrant the importance of individualised nutritional care for cancer.
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