Cytotoxicity Test of Indonesian-made Pmma Acrylic Bone Cement on Fibroblasts and Osteoblasts
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Abstract
Introduction: Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is widely used due to its affordability, durability, and suitability for large defects. However, Indonesia lacks PMMA products designed specifically for cranio-maxillofacial use. Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) has developed the first national PMMA bone cement for this purpose, using DmpT and DmoT as its catalysts. This study assesses the biocompatibility of ITS’s PMMA bone cement through cytotoxicity testing on fibroblast and osteoblast cells, and also the first to evaluate the cytotoxicity of DmoT-based PMMA bone cement, a cost-effective alternative to conventional DmpT-based products in Indonesia. Method: Cytotoxicity tests were conducted on BHK-21 fibroblast cells and hFOB osteoblast cells using MTT assay. The tests compared two types of ITS’s PMMA bone cement (PMMA-DmpT and PMMA-DmoT) to OGM® bone cement, a commercially established product. Results: ITS’s PMMA bone cement showed no toxicity to fibroblast or osteoblast cells, with cell viability levels similar to OGM® bone cement. Among the tested materials, OGM® bone cement had the highest cell viability, followed by PMMA-DmpT and PMMA-DmoT. Conclusion: PMMA bone cement developed by ITS using DmpT and DmoT catalysts is non-toxic to fibroblast and osteoblast cells.
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