Abnormal PHQ-9 score for Depressive Symptoms and its Associated Factors among Medical Students of a Local University

Abstract

Introduction: Depression is a prevalent mental health concern among medical students due to academic pressures and personal challenges. Understanding its prevalence and identifying key associated factors are crucial for targeted interventions aimed at reducing its impact on students’ well-being. Materials and methods: This study assessed the prevalence of depressive symptoms and examined associated factors among 498 medical students at a public university using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Sociodemographic and lifestyle data, including social support, family history, and involvement in physical and social activities, were analyzed through multiple logistic regression. Results: 60.2% of students exhibited depressive symptoms, with 33.5% reporting mild symptoms, 15.3% moderate, 7.4% moderately severe, and 4.0% severe depression. Key factors significantly associated with severe depressive symptoms included lack of social support (Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR)=5.75), family history of depression (Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR)=22.02), history of being bullied (AOR=4.06), unwillingness to pursue medicine (AOR=19.08), absence of close friends (AOR=3.42), no participation in sports (AOR=3.14), and no involvement in societal or community activities (AOR=7.19). Conclusion: These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions to address modifiable factors contributing to depression. Strengthening social support networks, promoting extracurricular and community involvement, and providing accessible mental health services can mitigate the impact of depression on medical students, enhancing their well-being and academic performance.