Diagnostic relevance of ZnT8 autoantibodies in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Insight from a Malaysian Cohort
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Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disorder marked by the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. The presence of diabetes-associated autoantibodies (DAAs) supports diagnosis; however, the utility of zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) autoantibodies in Malaysian patients remains understudied. This study aimed to screen ZnT8 autoantibodies in Malaysian T1DM patients using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ZnT8 autoantibodies were detected in 17.3% of all patients, with a higher prevalence in paediatric cases (36.7%) compared to adults (11.3%). Further analysis revealed variations based on gender, ethnicity, and the presence of other DAAs across age groups. These findings suggest differing autoimmune responses and disease mechanisms between paediatric and adult T1DM patients in Malaysia, highlighting the potential role of ZnT8 autoantibodies as a complementary diagnostic marker and the need for age-specific diagnostic and therapeutic strategies
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