A Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) Analysis of Health Information Usage Among Patients with Non-Communicable Diseases in Sarawak, Malaysia
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Abstract
Introduction: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease, remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Malaysia, highlighting the growing importance of effective health information usage (HIU) for self-management and prevention. Although access to health information has expanded, disparities persist in how individuals particularly in rural areas such as Sarawak utilise this information in everyday health decisions. This study, guided by Longo’s Expanded Model of Health Information-Seeking Behaviour (EM-HISB), examines how the type (THI), sources (SHI), and access (AHI) to health information collectively predict HIU among adults with NCDs. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study formed part of a larger investigation on health information-seeking behaviour in Sarawak. Data were collected from May to December 2023 using multi-stage random sampling in Kuching (urban) and Lubok Antu (rural). Of the 782 participants surveyed, 217 self-reported having at least one NCD. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyse the measurement and structural models. Results: Hypertension was the most commonly reported condition, particularly among participants aged 41–60. All three predictors: THI (β = 0.200, p < 0.05), SHI (β = 0.476, p < 0.05), and AHI (β = 0.178, p < 0.05) were significantly associated with HIU. The model demonstrated strong predictive validity (R² = 0.612), with SHI emerging as the most influential predictor, exhibiting the highest standardised beta coefficient and a moderate effect size (f² = 0.138). Discussion and Conclusion: The strong influence of SHI reflects Sarawak’s unique socio-cultural context, particularly in rural areas. These findings highlight the importance of developing multifaceted health promotion strategies that cater to the varied informational needs and preferences of NCD patients in Sarawak.
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