Obesity as a Risk Factor for Probable Sarcopenia in Female Older Adult at Integrated Health Posts (Posyandu) in Indonesia: A Cross-sectional Study
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Abstract
Introduction: Sarcopenia, characterized by muscle loss and dysfunction, affects 20% of older adults, but risk factors remain understudied in Indonesian women. This study examined probable sarcopenia prevalence and obesity-related risk factors among community-dwelling female older adults. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 154 female older adults aged 60-69 years (mean 64.08 ± 2.70 years). Probable sarcopenia status was defined by through muscle mass and muscle strength. Diagnosis required Appendicular Skeletal Muscle (ASM) adjusted height squared below 5.85 kg/m² and handgrip strength (HGS) below 18.6 kg. Additional measures comprised body composition (BIA), physical activity (IPAQ-SF), BP, total cholesterol, and FBG. Group differences in numeric variables were assessed using Independent t-tests (normal distribution) or Mann-Whitney tests (non-parametric). Associations were analyzed with chi-square, while logistic regression identified predictors of the binary outcome. Result: Our study showed that 40.9% of subjects were identified as probable sarcopenia. BMI, percent body fat, visceral fat, ASMI, and dominant HGS were significantly lower in the sarcopenia group (p<0.001). Only BMI, visceral fat, diastolic BP, and FBG were associated with probable sarcopenia (p<0.05). However, logistic regression identified obesity as the most significant independent risk factor for probable sarcopenia (OR=3.973; 95% CI: 2.003-7.880), suggesting that obesity strongly predicts probable sarcopenia in this population. Conclusion: Obesity may independently increase the risk of probable sarcopenia, especially in female older adults, alongside metabolic diseases. Integrating muscle-strengthening exercise, a balanced diet, and routine muscle assessments into obesity management to mitigate sarcopenia risk and enhance health outcomes in the community setting is necessary.
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