Health Consequences During Pandemic: A Review
Main Article Content
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has brought many changes in daily life. The pandemic has affected all populations in the world and lead to WHO calling for the global action to minimize the spread of this infection. Social distancing, work from home and movement control order are some of the strategies implemented to mitigate this infectious outbreak. Health consequences on non-communicable disease, mental health, social crisis among schoolchildren and burnout among healthcare providers have been affected during the pandemic. This review will provide a brief explanation on these health consequences of COVID-19 to the population. Future strategies that can be implemented during pandemic will also be discussed in the review.
Downloads
Article Details
References
Adhikari SP, Meng S, Wu Y-J, Mao Y-P, Ye R-X, Wang Q-Z, et al. Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak period: a scoping review. Infectious diseases of poverty. 2020;9(1):1-12.
Pedersen MJ, Favero N. Social Distancing during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Who Are the Present and Future Noncompliers? Public Administration Review. 2020;80(5):805-14.
Zheng Y-Y, Ma Y-T, Zhang J-Y, Xie X. COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system. Nature Reviews Cardiology. 2020;17(5):259-60.
Li B, Yang J, Zhao F, Zhi L, Wang X, Liu L, et al. Prevalence and impact of cardiovascular metabolic diseases on COVID-19 in China. Clinical Research in Cardiology. 2020;109(5):531-8.
Yang J, Zheng Y, Gou X, Pu K, Chen Z, Guo Q, et al. Prevalence of comorbidities in the novel Wuhan coronavirus (COVID-19) infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of infectious diseases. 2020;94:91-5.
Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. The Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054-62.
Guan W-j, Ni Z-y, Hu Y, Liang W-h, Ou C-q, He J-x, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020;382(18):1708-20.
Tremblay MS, Aubert S, Barnes JD, Saunders TJ, Carson V, Latimer-Cheung AE, et al. Sedentary behavior research network (SBRN)–terminology consensus project process and outcome. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2017;14(1):75.
Lee I-M, Shiroma EJ, Lobelo F, Puska P, Blair SN, Katzmarzyk PT, et al. Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. The Lancet. 2012;380(9838):219-29.
Berlin I, Thomas D, Le Faou A-L, Cornuz J. COVID-19 and smoking. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2020;22(9):1650-2.
Singh AK, Gupta R, Ghosh A, Misra A. Diabetes in COVID-19: Prevalence, pathophysiology, prognosis and practical considerations. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2020;14(4):303-10.
Hartmann-Boyce J, Morris E, Goyder C, Kinton J, Perring J, Nunan D, et al. Diabetes and COVID-19: risks, management, and learnings from other national disasters. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(8):1695- 703.
Richards M, Anderson M, Carter P, Ebert BL, Mossialos E. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer care. Nature Cancer. 2020;1(6):565-7.
Al-Quteimat OM, Amer AM. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer patients. American Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2020.
Alqahtani JS, Oyelade T, Aldhahir AM, Alghamdi SM, Almehmadi M, Alqahtani AS, et al. Prevalence, severity and mortality associated with COPD and smoking in patients with COVID-19: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS One. 2020;15(5):e0233147.
Guan W-j, Liang W-h, Zhao Y, Liang H-r, Chen Z-s, Li Y-m, et al. Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis. European Respiratory Journal. 2020;55(5).
Ganatra S, Dani SS, Shah S, Asnani A, Neilan TG, Lenihan D, et al. Management of Cardiovascular Disease During Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic. Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2020;30(6):315-25.
Peçanha T, Goessler KF, Roschel H, Gualano B. Social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic can increase physical inactivity and the global burden of cardiovascular disease. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 2020;318(6):H1441-H6.
Bao Y, Sun Y, Meng S, Shi J, Lu L. 2019-nCoV epidemic: address mental health care to empower society. The Lancet. 2020;395(10224):e37-e8.
Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(5):1729.
Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, McIntyre RS, et al. A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2020;87.
Zandifar A, Badrfam R. Iranian mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic. Asian journal of psychiatry. 2020;51.
Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, Li S, Yang N. The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January and February 2020 in China. Medical Science Monitor. 2020;26:e923549- 1–e-8.
Lima CKT, de Medeiros Carvalho PM, Lima IdAS, de Oliveira Nunes JVA, Saraiva JS, de Souza RI, et al. The emotional impact of Coronavirus 2019- nCoV (new Coronavirus disease). Psychiatry Research. 2020;287:112915.
Ho CS, Chee CY, Ho RC. Mental health strategies to combat the psychological impact of COVID-19 beyond paranoia and panic. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2020;49(1):1-3.
Neria Y, Nandi A, Galea S. Post-traumatic stress disorder following disasters: a systematic review. Psychol Med. 2008;38(4):467-80.
Grattan LM, Roberts S, Mahan WT, Jr., McLaughlin PK, Otwell WS, Morris JG, Jr. The early psychological impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill on Florida and Alabama communities. Environ Health Perspect. 2011;119(6):838-43.
Tracy M, Norris FH, Galea S. Differences in the determinants of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression after a mass traumatic event. Depress Anxiety. 2011;28(8):666-75.
Lee AM, Wong JG, McAlonan GM, Cheung V, Cheung C, Sham PC, et al. Stress and psychological distress among SARS survivors 1 year after the outbreak. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2007;52(4):233-40.
Galea S, Merchant RM, Lurie N. The Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19 and Physical Distancing: The Need for Prevention and Early Intervention. JAMA Intern Med. 2020;180(6):817- 8.
Shigemura J, Ursano RJ, Morganstein JC, Kurosawa M, Benedek DM. Public responses to the novel 2019 coronavirus (2019‐nCoV) in Japan: Mental health consequences and target populations. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2020;74(4):281.
Dong L, Bouey J. Early Release-Public Mental Health Crisis during COVID-19 Pandemic, China. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2020;26(7):1616-7.
Yang Y, Li W, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Cheung T, Xiang Y-T. Mental health services for older adults in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(4):e19.
Armitage R, Nellums LB. COVID-19 and the consequences of isolating the elderly. The Lancet Public Health. 2020;5(5):e256.
Gerst-Emerson K, Jayawardhana J. Loneliness as a public health issue: the impact of loneliness on health care utilization among older adults. American Journal of Public Health. 2015;105(5):1013-9.
Santini ZI, Jose PE, York Cornwell E, Koyanagi A, Nielsen L, Hinrichsen C, et al. Social disconnectedness, perceived isolation, and symptoms of depression and anxiety among older Americans (NSHAP): a longitudinal mediation analysis. Lancet Public Health. 2020;5(1):e62-e70.
Cudjoe TK, Kotwal AA. “Social Distancing” Amid a Crisis in Social Isolation and Loneliness. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2020:1-3.
Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet. 2020;395(10227):912-20.
Morley JE, Vellas B. COVID-19 and older adult. J Nutr Health Aging. 2020;24(4):364-5.
Conejero I, Olié E, Courtet P, Calati R. Suicide in older adults: current perspectives. Clinical Interventions in Aging. 2018;13:691.
Wand APF, Zhong B-L, Chiu HFK, Draper B, De Leo D. Covid-19: The implications for suicide in older adults. International Psychogeriatrics. 2020:1-16.
Banskota S, Healy M, Goldberg EM. 15 Smartphone Apps for Older Adults to Use While in Isolation During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2020;21(3):514.
Ransing R, Adiukwu F, Pereira-Sanchez V, Ramalho R, Orsolini L, Teixeira ALS, et al. Mental Health Interventions during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Conceptual Framework by Early Career Psychiatrists. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2020;51:102085-.
UNESCO. Education: From disruption to recovery 2020 [Available from: https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse.
Van Lancker W, Parolin Z. COVID-19, school closures, and child poverty: a social crisis in the making. The Lancet Public Health. 2020;5(5):e243-e4.
Schwartz AE, Rothbart MW. Let them eat lunch: The impact of universal free meals on student performance. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management. 2020;39(2):376-410.
Bitler MP, Seifoddini A. Health impacts of food assistance: evidence from the United States. Annual Review of Resource Economics. 2019;11:261-87.
Alexander KL, Entwisle DR, Olson LS. Lasting consequences of the summer learning gap. American Sociological Review. 2007;72(2):167- 80.
Cooper H, Nye B, Charlton K, Lindsay J, Greathouse S. The effects of summer vacation on achievement test scores: A narrative and meta-analytic review. Review of Educational Research. 1996;66(3):227- 68.
Guio A-C, Gordon D, Marlier E, Najera H, Pomati M. Towards an EU measure of child deprivation. Child Indicators Research. 2018;11(3):835-60.
Kang L, Li Y, Hu S, Chen M, Yang C, Yang BX, et al. The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(3):e14.
Lee SM, Kang WS, Cho A-R, Kim T, Park JK. Psychological impact of the 2015 MERS outbreak on hospital workers and quarantined hemodialysis patients. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 2018;87:123- 7.
Maunder R, Hunter J, Vincent L, Bennett J, Peladeau N, Leszcz M, et al. The immediate psychological and occupational impact of the 2003 SARS outbreak in a teaching hospital. Cmaj. 2003;168(10):1245-51.
Liu Q, Luo D, Haase JE, Guo Q, Wang XQ, Liu S, et al. The experiences of health-care providers during the COVID-19 crisis in China: a qualitative study. The Lancet Global Health. 2020;8(6):e790-e8.
Büssing A, Falkenberg Z, Schoppe C, Recchia DR, Poier D. Work stress associated cool down reactions among nurses and hospital physicians and their relation to burnout symptoms. BMC Health Services Research. 2017;17(1):551.
Virtanen P, Oksanen T, Kivimäki M, Virtanen M, Pentti J, Vahtera J. Work stress and health in primary health care physicians and hospital physicians. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2008;65(5):364-6.
Weinberg A, Creed F. Stress and psychiatric disorder in healthcare professionals and hospital staff. The Lancet. 2000;355(9203):533-7.
Maslach C, Goldberg J. Prevention of burnout: New perspectives. Applied and Preventive Psychology. 1998;7(1):63-74.
Maslach C, Jackson SE. The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 1981;2(2):99-113.
Qiao Z, Chen L, Chen M, Guan X, Wang L, Jiao Y, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with occupational burnout among HIV/AIDS healthcare workers in China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2016;16(1):335.
Adriaenssens J, De Gucht V, Maes S. Determinants and prevalence of burnout in emergency nurses: a systematic review of 25 years of research. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2015;52(2):649-61.
de Oliveira DR, Griep RH, Portela LF, Rotenberg L. Intention to leave profession, psychosocial environment and self-rated health among registered nurses from large hospitals in Brazil: a cross- sectional study. BMC Health Services Research. 2017;17(1):21.
Peng J, Jiang X, Zhang J, Xiao R, Song Y, Feng X, et al. The impact of psychological capital on job burnout of Chinese nurses: the mediator role of organizational commitment. PloS One. 2013;8(12):e84193.
Kovner CT, Brewer CS, Fatehi F, Jun J. What does nurse turnover rate mean and what is the rate? Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice. 2014;15(3- 4):64-71.
Trepanier S, Early S, Ulrich B, Cherry B. New graduate nurse residency program: a cost-benefit analysis based on turnover and contract labor usage. Nursing economic$. 2012;30(4):207-14.
Chen Q, Liang M, Li Y, Guo J, Fei D, Wang L, et al. Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(4):e15-e6.
Liu Y, Li J, Feng Y. Critical care response to a hospital outbreak of the 2019-nCoV infection in Shenzhen, China. BioMed Central; 2020. p. 1-3.
Merchant RM, Lurie N. Social Media and Emergency Preparedness in Response to Novel Coronavirus. JAMA. 2020;323(20):2011-2.
Newman MG, Zainal NH. The value of maintaining social connections for mental health in older people. Lancet Public Health. 2020;5(1):e12-e3.