Mobile Health Application Applying the Health Belief Model for Breast Cancer Awareness: What Is Missing?

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Published: Oct 31, 2021
Keywords:
Breast cancer, Breast examination awareness, Breast health, Health belief model, Mobile application

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Arryana Nasution
School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan
Azlina Yusuf
School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan
Yulita Hanum P Iskandar
Graduate School of Business, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11700 Gelugor, Penang
Lean Keng Soon
Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor
Imi Sairi Ab Hadi
Department of Surgery, Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, 15200 Kota Bharu, Kelantan

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancer incidents among women and is estimated at around 24.2% worldwide and 32.1% in Malaysia. Accessibility to current breast promotion is limited to those who seek the information, suggesting consideration of an alternative approach using a mobile app. This study aimed to identify existing breast awareness mobile apps based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) components with a descriptive observation review. Fifty-two apps fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were reviewed. Eligible apps (N=52) which are standalone (n=41) and non-standalone (n=11). The categories of the eligible apps are health & fitness (n=31), lifestyle (n=6), medical (n=11), entertainment (n=2), book & reference (n=1), education (n=3). The apps focused on perceived susceptibility (n=33/52, 63.5%), perceived severity (n=30/52, 57.7%), perceived threat (n=48/52, 92.3%), perceived benefit (n=46/52, 88.5%), perceived barriers (n=23/52, 44.2%), self-efficacy (n=25/52, 48.1%) and cues to action (n=27/52, 51.9%). Most of the apps focused on perceived threat and benefit but lacking on a perceived barrier. This review could provide information to develop appropriately tailored content supported by health theories to promote breast cancer awareness.

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How to Cite
Nasution, A., Azlina Yusuf, P Iskandar, Y. H., Soon, L. K., & Ab Hadi, I. S. (2021). Mobile Health Application Applying the Health Belief Model for Breast Cancer Awareness: What Is Missing?. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 17(4), 384–398. Retrieved from http://mjmhsojs.upm.edu.my/index.php/mjmhs/article/view/504
Issue
Vol. 17 No. 4 (2021)
Section
Review Article

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