Awareness of Cervical Cancer Among Women Attending King Faisal University Polyclinic, Saudi Arabia
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: Cervical cancer is responsible for women’s morbidity and mortality throughout the world. In developing countries women usually present in advanced stage, awareness of cervical cancer can enhance women inclination towards regular cervical screening which can detect early pre-invasive lesions. The aim of the study was to assess the awareness of cervical cancer among King Faisal University community visiting gynecology clinic, Al Ahsa Saudi Arabia. Methods: A questionnaire oriented cross-sectional study was conducted and 385 females were enrolled by systematic random sampling. The questionnaire contained 14 questions about cervical cancer and six barrier statements for cervical screening. SPSS software version 26.0 was used for data entry and analysis. Results: Total 385 females participated in the study. Majority 73.2% (n=282) had heard about cervical cancer and found significant association with age 36-45yr (p=0.001), married with two children (p=0.003), employed (p=0.001), Master level education (p=0.001) and with Saudi nationality (p=0.028). Logistic regression revealed age increases likely hood of adequate knowledge almost by one fold (odds ratio 0.954, 95% CI: 0.925-0.984) and having Saudi nationality increases it by two folds (odds ratio 2.056, 95%CI: 1.228-3.440). Almost 80% were aware of screening test, 18.4% had undergone one time an opportunistic screening test. Significant proportion of Saudi nationals had heard of HPV vaccines (p= 0.04). Conclusion: Participants had adequate knowledge of cervical cancer but had low screening test practice. There is need to implement regular cervical screening practice at national level.
Downloads
Article Details
References
R. Marshall Austin, Chengquan Zhao,Risk-based cervical screening guidelines should utilize large diverse national database and specifically measure invasive cancer risk of screened patients. Gynecol and Obstet Clin Med, 2020,1(1): 2-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gocm.2020.10.004.
Melnikow J, Henderson JT, Burda BU, Senger CA, Durbin S, Weyrich MS. Screening for cervical cancer with high-risk human papillomavirus testing: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2018; 320:687-705
Adib MA, Wang TF. Cervical cancer prevention and screening: the role of human papilloma virus testing. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist. 2017; 19:4 https://doi.org/10.1111/tog.12279
Demarco M, Hyun N, Carter-Pokras O, et al. A study of type-specific HPV natural history and implications for contemporary cervical cancer screening programs. EClinicalMedicine. 2020; 22:100293.
Curry SJ, Krist AH, Owens DK, et al. Screening for cervical cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2018; 320:674-686
Perkins RB, Guido RL, Castle PE, et al; 2019 ASCCP Risk-Based Management Consensus Guidelines Committee. 2019 ASCCP risk-based management consensus guidelines for abnormal cervical cancer screening tests and cancer precursors. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2020; 24:29.
Schiffman M, Doorbar J, Wentzensen N, et al. Carcinogenic human papillomavirus infection. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016; 2:16086
Cuschieri K, Ronco G, Lorincz A, Smith L, Ogilvie G, Mirabello L, et al. Eurogin roadmap 2017: triage strategies for the management of HPV-positive women in cervical screening programs. Int J Cancer. 2018 Aug;143(4):735–45.
Sait K, Turki R, Abuzenadah A, et al. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of HPV 16 and 18 variants isolated from cervical specimens of women in Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2018; 26: 317-24.
Bruni L, Albero G, Serrano B, Mena M, Gómez D, Muñoz J, et al. Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases in Saudi Arabia. Barcelona: ICO/ IARC Information Centre on HPV and Cancer; 2019.p2-67. Summary Report 17 June 2019.[Date Accessed] Available from: https://hpvcentre.net/statistics/reports/SAU.pdf
Dhaher EA. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Women in the Southern Region of Saudi Arabia Regarding Cervical Cancer and the Pap Smear Test. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2019;20(4):1177- 1184. Published 2019 Apr 29. doi:10.31557/APJCP.2019.20.4.1177
Malibari S. Knowledge about cervical cancer among women in Saudi Arabia. Egypt J Hosp Med. 2018; 70: 1823-5.
Al Khudairi H, Abu-Zaid A, Alomar O, Salem H. Public Awareness and Knowledge of Pap Smear as a Screening Test for Cervical Cancer among Saudi Population in Riyadh City. Cureus. 2017;9(1): e984. Published 2017 Jan 17. doi:10.7759/cureus.984
Nelson SB, Viswanathan N, Jenifer NA, Priyanka B et al. A cross sectional study on cervical cancer and its prevention among women of age group 25- 50 years in a rural area of south Tamilnadu, India. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2018; 5(6):2536-2541. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325304568
Shantha A, Somu P. Perception about pap smear screening test among females attending a tertiary care center.Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2020; 9(4) DOI: 10.18203/2320-1770. ijrcog20201064. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339821598
Heena H, Durrani S, Alfayyad I, Riaz M, Tabasim R, Parvez G et al. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towards Cervical Cancer and Screening amongst Female Healthcare Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Oncology. 2019; doi 10.1155/2019/5423130
Alnafisah RA, Alsuhaibani R, Alharbi MA, Alsohaibani AA, Ismail AA. Saudi Women’s Knowledge and Attitude Toward Cervical Cancer Screening, Treatment, and Prevention: A Cross- Sectional Study in Qassim Region (2018-2019). Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2019; 20(10):2965-2969. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2019.20.10.2965.
Jradi H, Bawazi A. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices among Saudi women regarding cervical cancer, human papillomavirus (HPV) and corresponding vaccine. Vaccine. 2019; 37:530–7.
Alshahrani MS and Sultan SA. Awareness and Attitude to the Risk of Cervical Cancer and Screening Method among Women in the Najran Region of Southern Saudi Arabia. IJMDC. 2020;4(12):001–006
Reichheld A, Mukherjee PK, Rahman SM, David KV, Pricilla RA. Prevalence of Cervical Cancer Screening and Awareness among Women in an Urban Community in South India-A Cross Sectional Study. Ann Glob Health. 2020 Mar 16;86(1):30. doi: 10.5334/aogh.2735.
Kwateng DE, Liu Z, Qian H, Yaw EF, Clement A, Evans S, Selom AG et al. Awareness of Cervical Cancer and Attitude Toward Human Papillomavirus and Its Vaccine Among Ghanaians. Front Oncol.2020;10:1651. doi: 10.3389/ fonc.2020.01651
BathiJA, Geeta V.; MALLESH, Shreya; GAJULA, Madhavi. A study on awareness of cervical cancer among women of reproductive age group in urban slums of old Hubli, Karnataka, India. IJCMPH .2016;3(9):2579 2583. doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20163076
Jassim G, Obeid, Al Nasheet HA. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cervical cancer and screening among women visiting primary health care Centres in Bahrain. BMC Public health. 2018; 18:128