Assessment of Daytime and Nighttime Ground Level Ozone Pollution in Malaysian Urban Areas
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: Ozone (O3) is a significant component of photochemical smog as a typical secondary which is formed via nitrogen oxide photochemical interactions with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This research discerns the complex influence of meteorological parameters and air pollutants influencing O3 concentrations. Methods: Data were acquired from 1 January 2018 until 31 December 2020 that including ozone (O3), nitrogen oxide (NOx), nitric oxide (NO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5), wind speed, solar radiation, temperature, and relative humidity (RH). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics in terms of line graphs. Results: The results demonstrate that the O3 concentration peaked around 14:00 hours and dropped at night (20:00 hours) owing to the lack of sunshine and redox processes. Conclusion: In conclusion, ozone precursors played an important role in ozone formation and the findings of this research are valuable for policymak- ers and other interested parties.
Downloads
Article Details
References
Archibald AT, Neu JL, Elshorbany YF, Cooper OR, Young PJ, Akiyoshi H, Zeng G. Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: A Critical Review of Changes in The Tropospheric Ozone Burden and Budget From 1850 to 2100. Elemeta, 2020; 8: 034. doi: 10.1525/elementa.2020.034
Gu S, Guenther A, Faiola C. Effects of Anthropogenic and Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds on Los Angeles Air Quality. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2021; 55: 12191-12201. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01481
Manisalidis I, Stavropoulou E, Stavropoulos A, Bezirtzoglou E. Environmental And Health Impacts of Air Pollution: A Review. Public Health Front. 2020; 8: 14. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00014.
Adman MA, Hashim JH, Manaf MRA, Norback D. Associations between air pollutants and peak expiratory flow and fractional exhaled nitric oxide in students. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2020;24(2):189-195. doi:10.5588/ijtld.19.0096
Dimakopoulou K, Douros J, Samoli E, Karakatsani A, Rodopoulou S, Papakosta D, Katsouyanni K. Long-Term Exposure to Ozone and Children’s Respiratory Health: Results from The Responze Study. Environ. Res. 2020; 182: 109002. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109002
Napi N, Abdullah S, Mansor AA, Ahmed A, Ismail M. Development of Models for Forecasting of Seasonal Ground Level Ozone (O3). Journal of Engineering Science and Technology. 2021; 16: 3136-3154.
Ismail M, Suroto A, Abdullah S. Response of Malaysian Local Rice Cultivars Induced by Elevated Ozone Stress. EnvironmentAsia. 2015; 8: 86-93. doi: 10.14456/ea.2015.11
Liu T, Hong Y, Li M, Xu L, Chen J, Bian Y, Wang H. Atmospheric Oxidation Capacity and Ozone Pollution Mechanism in A Coastal City of Southeastern China: Analysis of A Typical Photochemical Episode by An Observation-Based Model. Atmos Chem Phys. 2022; 22: 2173-2190. doi: 10.5194/acp-22-2173-2022
Zhang T, Lin W, Ran L, Ma Z, Yao Q, Liu J, Ming J. Dual-height Distribution of Ozone and Nitrogen Oxides during Summer in Urban Tianjin: An Observational Study. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 2020; 20: 2159-2169. doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2019.10.0505
Abdullah S, Nasir NHA, Ismail M, Ahmed AN, Jarkoni MNK. Development Of Ozone Prediction Model in Urban Area. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering. 2019; 8: 2263–2267. doi: 10.35940/ijitee.J1127.0881019
World Health Organization (WHO). Ambient (Outdoor) Air Pollution. 2021. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ambient-(outdoor)-air-quality-and-health.
Mohtar AAA, Latif MT, Baharudin NH, Ahamad F, Chung JX, Othman M, Juneng L. Variation Of Major Air Pollutants in Different Seasonal Conditions in An Urban Environment in Malaysia. Geosci. Lett. 2018; 5: 1-13. doi: 10.1186/s40562-018-0122-y
Ismail M, Abdullah S, Yuen FS, Ghazali NAA. Ten-Year Investigation on Ozone and It Precursors at Kemaman, Terengganu, Malaysia. EnvironmentAsia. 2016; 9: 1-8. doi: 10.14456/ea.1473.1
Shith S, Ramli NA. Night-Time Ground-Level Ozone Trends and Variability Over the Urban Sites. J Sustain Sci Manag. 2019; 14: 195-201.
Abdullah AM, Ismail M, Yuen FS, Abdullah S, Elhadi RE. The Relationship between Daily Maximum Temperature and Daily Maximum Ground Level Ozone Concentration. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2017; 26: 517–523. doi: 10.15244/pjoes/65366
Otero N, Rust HW, Butler T. Temperature Dependence of Tropospheric Ozone Under NOX Reductions Over Germany. Atmos. Environ. 2021; 253: 118334. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118334
Boga R, Keresztesi A, Bodor Z, Miklossy I, Nita IA, Birsan V, Szep R. Influence of Rising Air Temperature and Solar Radiation on The Tropospheric Ozone in The Ciuc Basin, Romania. Rom. J. Phys. 2021; 66: 805.
Silva RC, Pires JC. Surface Ozone Pollution: Trends, Meteorological Influences, and Chemical Precursors in Portugal. Sustainability. 2022; 14: 2383. doi: 10.3390/su14042383
Warmiński K, Bęś A. Atmospheric Factors Affecting a Decrease in The Night-Time Concentrations of Tropospheric Ozone In A Low-Polluted Urban Area. Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 2018; 229: 1-13. doi: 10.1007/s11270-018-4012-x
Lloyd KL, Davis DD, Marini RP. Decoteau, D. R. Effects Of Nighttime Ozone Treatment at Ambient Concentrations on Sensitive and Resistant Snap Bean Genotypes. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. 2018; 143: 23-33. doi: 10.21273/JASHS04253-17
Wui JCH, Pien CHEE, Kai SK, Sentian J. Variability of The PM10 Concentration in The Urban Atmosphere of Sabah and Its Responses to Diurnal And Weekly Changes Of CO, NO2, SO2 And Ozone. Asian J. Atmos. Environ. 2018; 12: 109-126. doi: 10.5572/ajae.2018.12.2.109
Jhun I, Coull BA, Zanobetti A, Koutrakis P. The impact of nitrogen oxides concentration decreases on ozone trends in the USA. Air Qual. Atmos. Health. 2015; 8: 283-292. doi: 10.1007/s11869-014-0279-2
Agudelo–Castaneda DM, Teixeira EC, Pereira FN. Time–Series Analysis of Surface Ozone and Nitrogen Oxides Concentrations in An Urban Area At Brazil. Atmos. Pollut. Res. 2014; 5: 411-420. doi: 10.5094/APR.2014.048
Shafie SHM, Mahmud M. Urban Air Pollutant from Motor Vehicle Emissions In Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 2020; 20: 2793–2804. doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2020.02.0074
Rahman SRA, Ismail SNS, Ramli MF, Latif MT, Abidin EZ, Praveena SM. The Assessment of Ambient Air Pollution Trend in Klang Valley, Malaysia. World Environment. 2015; 5: 1-11.doi: 10.5923/j.env.20150501.01
Dahari N, Latif MT, Muda K, Norelyza N. Influence Of Meteorological Variables on Suburban Atmospheric PM2.5 In The Southern Region Of Peninsular Malaysia. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 2020; 20: 14-25. doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2019.06.0313
Suryati I, Khair H, Gusrianti D. Distribution Analysis of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) And Ozone (O3) In Medan City with Geographic Information System (GIS). In MATEC Web Of Conferences. 2019; 276: 06013. doi: 10.1051/matecconf/201927606013
Laban TL, Zyl PGV, Beukes JP, Vakkari V, Jaars K, Borduas-Dedekind N, Laakso L. Seasonal Influences on Surface Ozone Variability in Continental South Africa And Implications For Air Quality. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2018; 18: 15491-15514. doi: 10.5194/acp-2017-1115
Luo G, Zhang L, Hu X, Shi B, Qiu R. Assessment of the Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Ozone in Fuzhou, China, Using Wavelet Analysis. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 2020; 20: 1898-1909. doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2019.11.0614
Awang NR, Ramli NA, Yahaya AS, Elbayoumi M. High Night-Time Ground-Level Ozone Concentrations in Kemaman: NO And NO2 Concentrations Attributions. Aerosol Air Qual. Res. 2015; 15: 1357-1366. doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2015.01.0031
Hou P, Wu S. Long-Term Changes in Extreme Air Pollution Meteorology and The Implications for Air Quality. Sci. Rep. 2016; 6: 1-9. doi: 10.1038/srep23792
Allu SK, Srinivasan S, Maddala RK, Reddy A, Anupoju GR. Seasonal Ground Level Ozone Prediction Using Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) Model. Model. Earth Syst. Environ. 2020; 6: 1981-1989. doi: 10.1007/s40808-020-00810-0
Yun H, Wang W, Wang T, Xia M, Yu C, Wang Z, Zhou Y. Nitrate Formation from Heterogeneous Uptake of Dinitrogen Pentoxide During A Severe Winter Haze In Southern China. Atmos Chem Phys. 2018; 18: 17515-17527. doi: 10.5194/acp-18-17515-2018
Wang L, Wang J, Tan X, Fang C. Analysis Of NOX Pollution Characteristics in The Atmospheric Environment in Changchun City. Atmosphere. 2019; 11: 30. doi: 10.3390/atmos11010030