Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Laundry Workers: Gender, Age, Work Experiences, Work Duration, and Marital Status Differences Perspective, North Sulawesi Indonesia
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: A nonconducive and at-risk work environment provides an opportunity for the occurrence of significant Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs), affecting the physical, psychological, and social aspects of workers' health. This study aims to analyze differences in individual characteristics, such as gender, age, work experience, work duration, and marital status. Materials and methods: This study was a quantitative observational study with a population of laundry workers in Tomohon and Tondano, Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. A sample of 225 people was selected using an incidental sampling technique with inclusion criteria aged 19-60 years. The instrument used the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) to measure musculoskeletal disorders, with statistical analysis involving Spearman rank and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: There is a significant positive relationship between age and the risk of WMSDs with a correlation coefficient (R = 0.226, p = 0.001) for age, with male and married workers exhibiting higher susceptibility (R = 0.242, p = 0.000; R = 0.257, p = 0.000, respectively). Surprisingly, work experience demonstrated a negative association, indicating increased vulnerability in new workers (<2 years) compared to seasoned counterparts (R = -0.317, p = 0.000). Mann-Whitney analysis confirmed significant disparities between genders, work experience durations, and marital statuses. However, age and work duration showed no significant differences between those experiencing WMSDs and those who did not (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings found that age, gender, and marital status were significantly associated with the risk of WMSDs, with findings that older, male, and married workers were at higher risk. In contrast, work experience showed a negative association with WMSDs, suggesting that new workers are more vulnerable. Although BMI, education level, and work duration were not significant. Limitations: Some variables that may affect musculoskeletal complaints, such as personal medical history, physical activity outside work, and psychosocial factors, were not controlled or measured in this study. This may affect the interpretation of the study results.
Downloads
Article Details
References
Rejo R, Zamani A, Puspitasari K, Atmojo JT, Widiyanto A, Anasulfalah Ha. Faktor Risiko Gangguan Muskuloskeletal pada Tenaga Kesehatan: Meta Analisis. J Ilm Permas J Ilm STIKES Kendal. 2023;13(1):289–98. doi: 10.32583/pskm.v13i1.767
Hernandez AM, Peterson AL. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders and pain. In: Handbook of occupational health and wellness. Springer; 2012. p. 63–85.
Nunes IL, Bush PM. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders assessment and prevention. Ergon- Syst Approach. 2012;1:30.
Korhan O, Memon AA. Introductory chapter: work-related musculoskeletal disorders. In: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders. IntechOpen; 2019.
Oakman J, Clune S, Stuckey R. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in Australia. Safe Work Aust Canberra Aust. 2019;
Chang YF, Yeh CM, Huang SL, Ho CC, Li RH, Wang WH, et al. Work ability and quality of life in patients with work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(9):3310. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093310
Govaerts R, Tassignon B, Ghillebert J, Serrien B, De Bock S, Ampe T, et al. Prevalence and incidence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in secondary industries of 21st century Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021;22(1):1–30. doi: 10.1186/s12891-021-04615-9
Dewi LT. Karakterisasi Keluhan Muskuloskeletal Akibat Postur Kerja Buruk Pada Pekerja Industri Kecil Makanan. J Ilm Tek Ind. 2017 Jan 5;15(2):145. doi: 10.23917/jiti.v15i2.2498
Mayasari D, Susilowati IH. Analisis Faktor Risiko Ergonomi Terhadap Keluhan Gangguan Muskuloskeletal pada Pekerja UMKM Pengrajin Alas Kaki di Kecamatan Ciomas. Natl J Occup Health Saf. 2022;3(1). doi: 10.59230/njohs.v3i1.6039
Umima S. Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Keluhan Musculoskeletal Disorders Pekerja Laundry Di Percutsei Tuan. [Medan]: Universitas Islam Negeri; 2021.
Laraswati H. Analisis Risiko Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) pada Pekerja Laundry Tahun 2009 (Studi Kasus pada 12 Laundry Sektor Usaha Informal di Kecamatan Beji Kota Depok). Univ Indones Depok. 2009;
Mulyati S. The relationship between work posture and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in laundry workers in the area of Puskesmas Sukamerindu Bengkulu. In Atlantis Press; 2019. p. 171–4. doi: 10.2991/icihc-18.2019.41
Safitri DM, Azmi N, Utami IW, Putri LR, Yuniarti H, Hanifati AN. Pelatihan Pengendalian Risiko pada Keselamatan Kerja di Jasa Binatu. Abdimas Univers. 2023;5(2):211–7. doi: 10.36277/abdimasuniversal.v5i2.308
Handhini LN, Niati A, Amalia NR. Peningkatan Kualitas Karyawan Guna Meningkatkan Kepuasan Pelanggan Binatu Semarang Laundry & Dry Cleaner. Solusi. 2022;20(2):170–9. doi: 10.26623/slsi.v20i2.5148
Chin WY, Jamshidi D. Exploring the Musculoskeletal Risk Exposure Associated with Laundry Service at Pohjolan Tekstiilipalvelu Oy. 2019; https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-202004024331
Kristiyanto F, Kurniawan B, Wahyuni I. Hubungan intensitas kebisingan dengan gangguan psikologis pekerja departemen laundry bagian washing PT. X Semarang. J Kesehat Masy. 2014;2(1):75–9.
Pandey P, Pandey MM. Research methodology tools and techniques. Bridge Center; 2021.
Sugiyono S. Metode penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta; 2010.
Crawford JO. The Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire. Occup Med. 2007;57(4):300–1.
Alghadir AH, Tse C, Iqbal A, Al-Khater M, Al-Rasheed G. The prevalence and association of stress urinary incontinence, core muscle endurance, and low back pain among married women in Saudi Arabia: a case-control study. BioMed Res Int. 2021;2021:1–7. doi: 10.1155/2021/5533241
Putsa B, Jalayondeja W, Mekhora K, Bhuanantanondh P, Jalayondeja C. Factors associated with reduced risk of musculoskeletal disorders among office workers: a cross-sectional study 2017 to 2020. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):1–11. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13940-0
Peng L, Chan AH. Adjusting work conditions to meet the declined health and functional capacity of older construction workers in Hong Kong. Saf Sci. 2020;127:104711. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104711
Skovlund SV, Bláfoss R, Sundstrup E, Thomassen K, Andersen LL. Joint association of physical work demands and leg pain intensity for work limitations due to pain in senior workers: cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2020;20:1–10. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-09860-6
Juopperi S, Sund R, Rikkonen T, Kröger H, Sirola J. Cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health disorders associate with greater decreases in physical capability in older women. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021;22:1–9. doi: 10.1186/s12891-021-04056-4
Stoesz B, Chimney K, Deng C, Grogan H, Menec V, Piotrowski C, et al. Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of non-fatal work-related injuries among older workers: A review of research from 2010 to 2019. Saf Sci. 2020;126:104668. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104668
Palikhe S, Yirong M, Choi BY, Lee DE. Analysis of musculoskeletal disorders and muscle stresses on construction workers’ awkward postures using simulation. Sustainability. 2020;12(14):5693. doi: 10.3390/su12145693
Das B. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in agriculture: Ergonomics risk assessment and its prevention among Indian farmers. Work. 2023;(Preprint):1–17. doi: 10.3233/WOR-192945
Isa MSM, Omar N, Salleh AF, Salim MS. A literature review on occupational musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) among industrial workers in Malaysia. Intell Manuf Mechatron Proc Symp 2020. 2021;1069–79. doi: 10.1007/978-981-16-0866-7_95
Larinier N, Vuillerme N, Balaguier R. Effectiveness of warm-up interventions on work-related musculoskeletal disorders, physical and psychosocial functions among workers: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2023;13(5):e056560. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056560
Chen N, Li G, Sun X, Zhang M, Zhang H, Ling R, et al. Prevalence status and associated factors of wrist postural injury in the Chinese occupational population. Front Public Health. 2022;10:1047814. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1047814
Alqhtani RS, Ahmed H, Alshahrani A, Khan AR, Khan A. Effects of Whole-Body Stretching Exercise during Lunch Break for Reducing Musculoskeletal Pain and Physical Exertion among Healthcare Professionals. Medicina (Mex). 2023;59(5):910. doi: 10.3390/medicina59050910
Abbas J, Aqeel M, Abbas J, Shaher B, Jaffar A, Sundas J, et al. The moderating role of social support for marital adjustment, depression, anxiety, and stress: Evidence from Pakistani working and nonworking women. J Affect Disord. 2019;244:231–8. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.071
Hall EM. Double exposure: the combined impact of the home and work environments on psychosomatic strain in Swedish women and men. In: Women’s Health, Politics, and Power. Routledge; 2020. p. 117–40.
Li X, Yang X, Sun X, Xue Q, Ma X, Liu J. Associations of musculoskeletal disorders with occupational stress and mental health among coal miners in Xinjiang, China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):1–10. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11379-3
Eatough EM, Way JD, Chang CH. Understanding the link between psychosocial work stressors and work-related musculoskeletal complaints. Appl Ergon. 2012;43(3):554–63. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2011.08.009
Macdonald W, Oakman J. Requirements for more effective prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2015;16(1):1–9. doi: 10.1186/s12891-015-0750-8
Russo F, Di Tecco C, Fontana L, Adamo G, Papale A, Denaro V, et al. Prevalence of work related musculoskeletal disorders in Italian workers: is there an underestimation of the related occupational risk factors? BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2020;21(1):1–16. doi: 10.1186/s12891-020-03742-z
Zadeh RS, Shepley MM, Owora AH, Dannenbaum MC, Waggener LT, Chung SSE. The importance of specific workplace environment characteristics for maximum health and performance: healthcare workers’ perspective. J Occup Environ Med. 2018;60(5):e245–52. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001248
Andargie MS, Azar E. An applied framework to evaluate the impact of indoor office environmental factors on occupants’ comfort and working conditions. Sustain Cities Soc. 2019;46:101447. doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2019.101447
Yang F, Di N, Guo W wei, Ding W bin, Jia N, Zhang H, et al. The prevalence and risk factors of work related musculoskeletal disorders among electronics manufacturing workers: a cross-sectional analytical study in China. BMC Public Health. 2023 Jan 3;23(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-14952-6
Tembo LN, Munyikwa JP, Musoro C, Majonga G, Mavindidze E. Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and associated factors among University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences non-academic workers: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2023;24(1):792. doi: 10.1186/s12891-023-06900-1
Trembearth D, Crawford JO. Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders. Second Edition. Tullamarine: The Core Body of Knowledge for Generalist OHS Professionals; 2021.
Chavalitsakulchai P, Shahnavaz H. Ergonomics method for prevention of the musculoskeletal discomforts among female industrial workers: physical characteristics and work factors. J Hum Ergol (Tokyo). 1993;22(2):95–113. doi: 10.11183/jhe1972.22.95
Nimbarte AD. Risk of neck musculoskeletal disorders among males and females in lifting exertions. Int J Ind Ergon. 2014;44(2):253–9. doi: 10.1016/j.ergon.2013.01.007
Cromie JE, Robertson VJ, Best MO. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in physical therapists: prevalence, severity, risks, and responses. Phys Ther. 2000;80(4):336–51. doi: 10.1093/ptj/80.4.336
Ekpenyong CE, Inyang UC. Associations between worker characteristics, workplace factors, and work-related musculoskeletal disorders: a cross-sectional study of male construction workers in Nigeria. Int J Occup Saf Ergon. 2014;20(3):447–62. doi: 10.1080/10803548.2014.11077057
Chinedu OO, Henry AT, Nene JJ, Okwudili JD. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among office workers in higher education institutions: A cross-sectional study. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2020;30(5). doi: 10.4314/ejhs.v30i5.10
Shettar D, Sherkhane MS. Assessment of risk factors for the development of musculoskeletal disorders among working women. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2017;4(3):718–23. doi: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20170746
Le TTT, Jalayondeja W, Mekhora K, Bhuuanantanondh P, Jalayondeja C. Prevalence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among physical therapists in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. BMC Public Health. 2024 Jan 2;24(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-17527-1
Badawy PJ, Schieman S. Controlling or channeling demands? How schedule control influences the link between job pressure and the work-family interface. Work Occup. 2021;48(3):320–52. doi: 10.1177/0730888420965650