Effects of KID SMART FOR TEETH Program to Promote the Oral Health Status Among Grades 4-6 of Elementary Schools in the Thai-cambodian Border Provinces of Thailand
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: The oral health problems of children have a significant impact on their physical development and learning abilities. Children in the Thai-Cambodian border area have a higher incidence of oral health problems compared to other levels. This quasi-experimental study aimed to investigate the KID SMART FOR TEETH program's effects on promoting oral health status among grades 4-6 elementary schools in the Thai-Cambodian border province of Thailand Materials and methods: Using purposive sampling, the samples were recruited from 70 respondents, and divided into the intervention group (n=35) and the control group (n=35). The intervention group received the intervention program, while the control group received a self-care oral health manual. The evaluation was performed through face-to-face interviews in baseline and three-month follow-up. Data analysis was used with descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, and independent t-tests. Results: The finding indicated statistically significant differences in the mean score of knowledge, effective toothbrushing behavior, and Debris Index (DI) between the intervention and control groups at three-month follow-up (p<0.001). Interestingly, the mean score of attitudes toward oral health care was not statistically significant differences compared between groups at three-month follow-up (p=0.374). Compared with baseline and three-month follow-up, the within-group comparison revealed that all of the parameters were statistically significantly different (p<0.001) in the intervention group. Conclusion: This finding demonstrates that the intervention can increase knowledge and promote effective toothbrushing behavior, leading to good oral health. Additionally, health personnel and schools can apply this program to plan for addressing children's oral health.
Downloads
Article Details
References
Zareban I, Karimy M, Araban M. Oral self-care behavior and its influencing factors in a sample of school children from Central Iran. Arch Public Health. 2021; 79:175. doi: 10.1186/s13690-021-00695-0.
Phanthavong S, Nonaka D, Phonaphone T, Kanda K, Sombouaphan P, Wake N, et al. Oral health behavior of children and guardians' beliefs about children's dental caries in Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). PLoS One. 2019;14(1): e0211257. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211257.
Deinzer R, Cordes O, Weber J, Hassebrauck L, Weik U, Krämer N, et al. Toothbrushing behavior in children-an observational study of toothbrushing performance in 12-year-olds. BMC Oral Health. 2019; 19:68. doi: 10.1186/s12903-019-0755-z.
Ozoemena SP, Onyejaka NK, Ani EF, Eboh OF, Odo EO. An Evaluation of a Supervised School Tooth Brushing Program on Plaque and Gingival Scores of a Group of Rural Nigerian Primary School Children. West Afr J Med. 2022;39(5):459-464. doi:10.55891/wajm.v39i5.117.
Kannan SP, Alfahaid SF, Alharbi AS, Almutairi BS, Alanazi AH, Alsaab FA, Alatallah SS, Aldhuwayhi SD. Oral Hygiene Behavior of School Children in Saudi Arabia: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Survey. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2020;13(1):66-71. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1710.
Worthington HV, MacDonald L, Poklepovic Pericic T, Sambunjak D, Johnson TM, Imai P, et al. Home use of interdental cleaning devices, in addition to toothbrushing, for preventing and controlling periodontal diseases and dental caries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;4(4): CD012018. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012018.pub2.
K RSK, Deshpande AP, Ankola AV, Sankeshwari RM, Jalihal S, Hampiholi V, et al. Effectiveness of a Visual Interactive Game on Oral Hygiene Knowledge, Practices, and Clinical Parameters among Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Children (Basel). 2022;9(12):1828. doi: 10.3390/children9121828.
Subedi K, Shrestha A, Bhagat T, Baral D. Effectiveness of oral health education intervention among 12-15-year-old school children in Dharan, Nepal: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21(1):525. doi: 10.1186/s12903-021-01877-6.
Dadipoor S, Akbarizadeh F, Ghaffari M, Alipour A, Safari-Moradabadi A. Educational intervention to improve students' oral health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based programs. Iran J Public Health. 2023;52(3):500-514. doi: 10.18502/ijph.v52i3.12133.
Bhor KB, Vinay V, Ambildhok K, Shetty V. Effectiveness of oral health educational interventions on the oral health of visually impaired school children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Spec Care Dentist. 2021;41(3):291-308. doi: 10.1111/scd.12567.
Department of Dental Public Health, Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health. Promotional media for basic oral health care knowledge. 2022.
Sa Kaeo Provincial Public Health Office. Report on the situation of dental caries and related factors in 2023. Sa Kaeo Province. 2023
Chua H, Sardana D, Turner R, Ting G, Ekambaram M. Effectiveness of oral health education methods on oral hygiene in children and adolescents with visual impairment: A systematic review. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2021;31(6):724-741. doi: 10.1111/ipd.12788.
Sardana D, Ritto FP, Ciesla D, Fagan TR. Evaluation of oral health education programs for oral health of individuals with visual impairment: An umbrella review. Spec Care Dentist. 2023;43(6):751-764. doi: 10.1111/scd.12873.
Nguyen VTN, Zaitsu T, Oshiro A, Tran TT, Nguyen YHT, Kawaguchi Y, Aida J. Impact of School-Based Oral Health Education on Vietnamese Adolescents: A 6-Month Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(5):2715. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18052715.
Geetha Priya PR, Asokan S, Janani RG, Kandaswamy D. Effectiveness of school dental health education on the oral health status and knowledge of children: A systematic review. Indian J Dent Res. 2019;30(3):437-449. doi: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_805_18.
Zarabadipour M, Makhlooghi Sari M, Moghadam A, Kazemi B, Mirzadeh M. Effects of educational intervention on dental plaque index in 9-year-old children. Int J Dent. 2022; 2022:7339243. doi: 10.1155/2022/7339243.
Moitra P, Verma P, Madan J. Development and validation of a questionnaire measuring knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) to healthy eating and activity patterns in school children (HEAPS). Nutr Health. 2021;27(2):199-209. doi: 10.1177/0260106020982356.
Polit DF, Beck CT. The content validity index: Are you sure you know what’s being reported? Critique and recommendations. Res Nurs Health. 2006;29(5):489-497. doi: 10.1002/nur.20147.
Suresh N, Kutty VR, Kumar KN, Sarma PS, Vijayan AA, Aljuaid M, et al. Effectiveness of an oral health education intervention among 6-12-year-old children: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Community Dent Health. 2023;40(2):79-84. doi: 10.1922/CDH_00164Suresh06.
Bloom BS. Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Handbook: The Cognitive Domain. New York: David McKay; 1956.
Best JW. Research in Education. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc; 1977.
Greene JC, Vermillion JR. The oral hygiene index: A method for classifying oral hygiene status. J Am Dent Assoc. 1960; 61:172–179. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1960.0177.
Somnuk A, Prasomruk P, Saibua S. Effects of the Multimedia Oral Health Education Program on Knowledge, Brushing Behavior and Plaque Level in Sixth-Grade Primary School Students at Lue Amnat, Amnat Charoen. Thai Dental Nurse Journal. 2021;32(1):115-130. Available from: https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/TDNJ/article/view/248653.
Swe KK, Soe AK, Aung SH, et al. Effectiveness of oral health education on 8- to 10-year-old school children in rural areas of the Magway Region, Myanmar. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21(2):1-8. doi: 10.1186/s12903-020-01368-0.
Das H, Janakiram C, Ramanarayanan V, Karuveettil V, Kumar V, Balachandran P, et al. Effectiveness of an oral health curriculum in reducing dental caries increment and improving oral hygiene behavior among schoolchildren of Ernakulam district in Kerala, India: study protocol for a cluster randomized trial. BMJ Open. 2023;13(2): e069877. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069877.
Shakir A, Barngkgei I, Godson J, Joury E. Effectiveness of school-based behavioral interventions to improve children's oral health by reducing sugar intake and promoting oral hygiene: A rapid review of randomized controlled trials. Community Dent Health. 2021;38(4):275-283. doi: 10.1922/CDH_00014Shakir09.
Karki S, Laitala ML, Humagain M, Seppänen M, Päkkila J, Anttonen V. Oral health status associated with sociodemographic factors of Nepalese schoolchildren: a population-based study. Int Dent J. 2018;68(5):348-358. doi: 10.1111/idj.12393. Epub 2018Apr 25.
Chomchome U, Pranprawit A, Kaewpan W. The effects of dental health education program on behavioral modification for gingivitis prevention among the sixth-grade students in Phunphin district, Suratthani Province. The SCNJ. 2017;4(1):234-52. Available from: https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/nah/article/view/258286.
Shirahmadi S, Bashirian S, Soltanian AR, et al. Effectiveness of theory-based educational interventions of promoting oral health among elementary school students. BMC Public Health. 2024; 24:130. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-17528-0.
Stein C, Santos NML, Hilgert JB, Hugo FN. Effectiveness of oral health education on oral hygiene and dental caries in schoolchildren: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2018;46(1):30-33. doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12325.
Thwin KM, Zaitsu T, Ueno M, Kawaguchi Y. Effects of oral health education in Myanmar preschool children and guardians. J Investig Clin Dent. 2018;9(3): e12346. doi: 10.1111/jicd.12346.
Hartwig AD, Stüermer VM, da Silva-Júnior IF, Schardosim LR, Azevedo MS. Effectiveness of an oral health educational intervention for individuals with special health care needs from a southern Brazilian city. Spec Care Dentist. 2017;37(5):246–252. doi: 10.1111/scd.12246.
Hernández-Vásquez A, Barrenechea-Pulache A, Aguirre-Ipenza R, Comandé D, Azañedo D. Interventions to Improve the Oral Hygiene of Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review. Dent J (Basel). 2022;10(5):92. doi: 10.3390/dj10050092.
Vali L, Zare Z, Jahani Y, Kalavani K. Investigating the access barriers to oral and dental health services for children from the perspective of parents attending the health centers of Kerman. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2023; 20:49. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37304422.
Yusof ZYM, Anwar NH, Mohd Nor NA, Nor MM, Mustafa SE. The effect of the SIMS Programme versus existing preschool oral healthcare program on oral hygiene level of preschool children: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2021;22(1):156. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-021-05111-0.
Braun PA, Widmer-Racich K, Sevick C, Starzyk EJ, Mauritson K, Hambidge SJ. Effectiveness on Early Childhood Caries of an Oral Health Promotion Program for Medical Providers. Am J Public Health. 2017;107(S1): S97-S103. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2017.303817.
Nye R, Robinia K. The Effect of a Community-Based Educational Intervention on Oral Health Knowledge Levels of Adult Caregivers of Young Children in the Rural Upper Peninsula of Michigan. J Community Health Nurs. 2019;36(4):188-198. doi: 10.1080/07370016.2019.1665317.
Luz RMD, Marinho DCB, Lima APE, Coriolano-Marinus MWL. Educational interventions in child development and health literacy assumptions: an integrative review. Rev Bras Enferm. 2022;76(1): e20220116. doi: 10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0116.
Faisal MR, Mishu MP, Jahangir F, Younes S, Dogar O, Siddiqi K, Torgerson DJ. The effectiveness of behavior change interventions delivered by non-dental health workers in promoting children's oral health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2022;17(1): e0262118. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262118.
Nawabut O, Saranrittichai K. Effects of behavior modification program for gingivitis prevention among school-age children by the application of self-efficacy theory and social support. J Nurs Sci Health. 2022;45(4):44-58. Available from: https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/nah/article/view/258286.
Tahani B, Asgari I, Golkar S, Ghorani A, Hasan Zadeh Tehrani N, Arezoo Moghadam F. Effectiveness of an integrated model of oral health-promoting schools in improving children's knowledge and the KAP of their parents, Iran. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1):599. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-022-02644-x.
Harada Y, Prajapati D, Poudel P, Karmacharya B, Sugishita T, Rawal L. Effectiveness of oral health promotion interventions for people with type 2 diabetes delivered by non-dental health care professionals: a systematic review. Glob Health Action. 2022;15(1):2075576. doi: 10.1080/16549716.2022.2075576.
Shirahmadi S, Khazaei S, Meschi M, Miresmaeili AF, Barkhordar S, Heidari A, et al. Dental caries experience in primary school-age children following" students’ Oral health promotion program," Iran. Int J Dent Hyg. 2022;20(3):453–464. doi: 10.1111/idh.12561.
Poudel P, Rawal LB, Kong A, Yadav UN, Sousa MS, Karmacharya B, et al. Oral Health Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of People Living with Diabetes in South Asia: A Scoping Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(21):13851. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192113851.