Genotypic Distribution of Cytomegalovirus Infection and Associated Viral Load in a Tertiary Hospital in East Coast of Malaysia
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Abstract
Introduction: Cytomegalovirus genotyping has been studied for its role in CMV pathogenesis and associated clinical manifestations. The aim of this study is to determine the genotypic distribution of CMV infection in a tertiary hospital and its associated viral load. Materials and methods: A total of 106 plasma samples from the patients suspected to have CMV infection based on their serological results between Jan 2021-Dec 2022 were included in the study and subjected for CMV DNA viral load. Only twelve positive samples out of 106 were then proceeded for genotyping study to detect eight CMV genotypes, (gB1-4; gH1-2, gL and gO). Patients’ demographic and clinical data were retrieved from medical records. Results: Out of 106 plasma samples sent for CMV DNA viral load, twelve patients with positive results were subjected for detection of eight CMV genotypes. The commonest CMV genotype detected was gL, (n=7/12) followed by gB1, (n=5/12), gB4 (n=3/12), gO (n=2/12) and one for each other genotypes (gB2, gB3 and gH2) respectively. No patient had a positive gH1 gene. Compared to six patients who had only one CMV genotype found, four patients with combinations of CMV genotypes [CMV A (3 genotypes), D (2 genotypes), I (4 genotypes), and L (5 genotypes)] had higher viral loads. Two patients had no CMV genes detected. Patients with two or more genotypes detected have higher viral load. Conclusion: Patients with a combination of two or more genotypes (gB, gH/gL) had higher viral load possibly due to virus entry through activation of gB.
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