Optical Coherence Tomography in Different Subtypes of Age-related Macular Degeneration: A Literature Review
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Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is considered as an important tool for the diagnosis, differentiation and monitoring of various subtypes of AMD. Understanding OCT findings in different subtypes of AMD is the key to manage AMD. Thus, present review aimed to report the different OCT features seen in different subtypes of AMD and to discuss the OCT parameters that are associated with visual functions of AMD eyes. Electronic search engines such as were employed to search articles that justified the objective of this review. While, changes such as drusens associated with alterations in outer nuclear layer and inner segment and outer segment junction of photoreceptor and external limiting membrane were observed in early to intermediate AMD, components of neovascular membrane, retinal pigment epithelium detachment, neurosensory retinal detachment along with subretinal and intraretinal fluid, subretinal tissue were reported in neovascular AMD. Similarly, variations in pattern of retinal pigment epithelium detachment, presence of polyp, presence of hyper-reflective mass like lesions, intraretinal cysts were some of the features that differentiated various sub types of neovascular AMD. While, in early to intermediate AMD, changes in retinal pigment epithelium and outer nuclear layer associated well with the visual functions, more research were needed to establish a strong correlation between visual functions and OCT parameters in different sub types of neovascular AMD. The present review concluded that OCT plays an important role in diagnosis, differentiating different subtypes of AMD. However, there is scope for future research to establish specific OCT biomarkers in various subtypes of AMD.
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