Determinants of Geriatric Depression in Banda Aceh, Indonesia
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Abstract
The elderly population in Indonesia is anticipated to grow, leading to a rising prevalence of depression among this demographic. This study investigated the determinants of geriatric depression in Banda Aceh, Indonesia, utilizing an analytic descriptive cross-sectional design. Materials and methods: The sample included 118 individuals aged ≥ 60 years from Jaya Baru and Kuta Alam Districts, selected using convenience sampling from June 22 to July 10, 2022. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26, for descriptive, bivariate (chi-square) and multivariate (logistic regression ordinal) analysis. Depression was assessed using the 15-Geriatric Depression Scale. Results: Respondent characteristics included 68.6% females, 62.7% aged 60-69 years, 53.4% married, 57.6% receiving moderate/high income, 48.3% living with extended family, 15.3% experiencing cognitive impairment, 59.3% independent in daily activities, and 72.9% with normal nutritional status. Univariate analysis showed 20.4% of the elderly experienced depression: 15.3% mild, 3.4% moderate, and 1.7% severe. Bivariate analysis showed significant relationships between low income (p = .010), living with extended family (p = .027), cognitive impairment (p < .001), nutritional status (p < .001) and geriatric depression. Multivariate analysis indicated nutritional status was most significantly related to depression in the elderly (p < .001). Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of recognizing these factors to support the mental health of elderly individuals. Recommendations include regular mental health screenings by family members, primary care physicians, and community health workers, as well as evaluating psychosocial and nutritional support to improve mental well-being.
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