Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index Associated With Gestational Weight Gain and Newborn Anthropometry Outcomes in South Aceh, Indonesia: A Malife Study
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Abstract
Adverse pregnancy outcomes have been linked to insufficient gestational weight gain (GWG) and poor pre-pregnancy maternal nutritional status. This study investigates the relationship of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and GWG during and its impact on anthropometric measurements of newborns in Indonesia. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study enrolled 60 pairs of postpartum mothers and infants in the South Aceh Regency. A structured questionnaire created to gather data on subject’s characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and obstetric history. We recruited postpartum women who owned a child and mother book (KIA Book). Statistical analyses were conducted to assess the anthropometry outcomes of newborns based on varied pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain status. Results: The study found that pre-pregnancy underweight mothers accounted for 8.3% of the total, while those with overweight or obese status were significantly higher at 23.4%. The average GWG throughout pregnancy was 12.5±8.16 kg, and over half of mothers (61.7%) gained an inadequate amount of weight. The pre-pregnancy BMI was found to have a negative association with the GWG status (p=0.008 and r= -0.251) and anthropometry outcomes, including birth weight, birth length, and head circumference (p<0.001). Conclusion: The pre-pregnancy BMI significantly influences the weight gain during pregnancy and the anthropometry of newborns. Thus, it is crucial for pregnant women to recognize the significance of upholding a well-balanced and nourishing diet in order to promote a healthy pregnancy.
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