Effects of White Rice-Based Carbohydrates Diets on Body Weight and Metabolic Parameters in Rats

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Published: Mar 6, 2024
Keywords:
White rice, Diabetes, Obesity, Insulin resistance, Blood glucose

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Nur Maziah Hanum Osman
Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor
Barakatun-Nisak Mohd Yusof
Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor
Subramaniam Jeevetha
Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor
Amin Ismail
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor
Azrina Azlan
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor
Goh Yong Meng
Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor
Nor Azmi Kamaruddin
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Minato Wakisaka
Graduate School of Life Sciences and System Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2-4 Hibikino, Fukuoka 808-0196, Japan

Abstract

Introduction: We clarified the extent to which white rice (WR)-based carbohydrate diets affect body weight and metabolic parameters in rats. Methods: In this experimental study, a male Sprague Dawley (n=32) rats fed with WR-based CHO diet in two different proportions of total energy intake (TEI 55% moderate-CHO (MCHO, n=8) and 65% High-CHO (HCHO, n=8)) or high-fat diet (HFD, n=8) were compared with rats maintained on standard pellet diet (SD, n=8) for eight weeks period. Carbohydrate sources in the HFD and SD were mainly based on cornstarch (25% of amylose). Outcomes measures include body weight and metabolic parameters. Results: At baseline, body weight and metabolic parameters (fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and triglyceride levels) were comparable in all rats. Despite higher daily caloric intake in rats fed with HFD (103.9±3.0) than the other diets, no significant differences in body weight between groups after 8 weeks of study. However, rats’ feds with WR-based CHO diets (both moderate and high carbohydrates) had higher fasting blood glucose (MCHO=12.8±1.6, HCHO=16.9±2.4) and triglycerides level (MCHO=1.2±0.0, HCHO=1.3±0.0) than rats in cornstarch-based HFD and SD (p<0.05). Both HFD and HCHO had higher fasting insulin than MCHO and SD (p<0.05), but the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was significantly higher in WR-based CHO diets (both moderate and high carbohydrates) than the rats in cornstarch-based HFD and SD (p<0.05). Conclusion: A WR-based CHO diet exhibits higher fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, and insulin resistance state than a high-fat diet without a significant impact on body weight. These findings may explain the growing incidence of diabetes in Asia and worth studying further.

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How to Cite
Osman, N. M. H., Mohd Yusof, B.-N., Jeevetha, S., Ismail, A., Azlan, A., Meng, G. Y., Kamaruddin, N. A., & Wakisaka, M. (2024). Effects of White Rice-Based Carbohydrates Diets on Body Weight and Metabolic Parameters in Rats. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 18(1), 234–240. Retrieved from http://mjmhsojs.upm.edu.my/index.php/mjmhs/article/view/95
Issue
Vol. 18 No. 1 (2022)
Section
Original Articles

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