Information Motivation Behavior Skills (IMB) Model in Predicting Maternal Behavior for Healthy Child Development
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: The early years of life are important for a child's health and development. Positive parenting and quality interactions were needed to develop all children’s abilities according to their age by meeting their social, emotional, and educational needs for stimulation. A mother plays an important role in encouraging a child's growth and development. This research aims to determine the influence of social psychological factors that influence maternal behavior on healthy child development using the Information Motivation Behavior Skills (IMB) model. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 pairs of mothers and children under five years old. Respondents were measured using questionnaires and observation sheets. The maternal behavior level was measured using the Daily Development Stimulation for Children (DDSC) questionnaire. Path analysis was applied to analyze the relationship between IMB and maternal behavior in improving the development of children. Results: Healthy maternal behavior in improving the development of children was directly and positively related to maternal behavioral skills (b= 1.00, p<0.001). Then, it is indirectly and positively related to information (b= 0.28, p<0.001), self-efficacy (b= 0.18, p<0.001), and motivation (b= 0.51, p<0.001). The goodness of fit path analysis indicated values of p= 0.57, RSME< 0.001, TFI= 1.00, TLI= 1.00, and SRMR= 0.003. Conclusion: A mother's healthy behavior that improves child development is directly and positively related to the behavioral skills that a mother has. Furthermore, it is indirectly and positively related to the information and motivation that a mother has.
Downloads
Article Details
References
United Nations. World population prospects 2019: highlights. In: Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division; 2019. Available from: https://population.un.org/wpp
Clark H, Coll-Seck AM, Banerjee A, Peterson S, Dalglish SL, Ameratunga S, et al. A future for the world’s children? A WHO–UNICEF–Lancet Commission. Lancet. 2020;395(10224):605–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32540-1.
Saptarini I, Rizkianti A, Arfines PP, Maisya IB. Associations Between Parental Depression and Early Childhood Development in Indonesia: A Cross-sectional Study. J Prev Med Public Heal. 2021;54(6):451. doi:10.3961/jpmph.21.158.
Yogyakarta Provincial Health Service. Health Profile D.I Yogyakarta 2020. Yogyakarta; 2021. Available from: https://dinkes.jogjaprov.go.id/download/download/113.
Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia. Early Childhood Education Statistics 2020/2021. Jakarta; 2021. Available from: http://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/id/eprint/22126.
World Health Organization. Improving early childhood development: WHO guideline. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. Available from: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/331306.
Barreto FB, Sánchez de Miguel M, Ibarluzea J, Andiarena A, Arranz E. Family context and cognitive development in early childhood: A longitudinal study. Intelligence. 2017;65:11–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2017.09.006.
Ma X, Shen J, Krenn HY, Hu S, Yuan J. A meta-analysis of the relationship between learning outcomes and parental involvement during early childhood education and early elementary education. Educ Psychol Rev. 2016;28(4):771–801. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-015-9351-1.
Ministry of Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection. Profile of Indonesian Children 2020. Jakarta: Ministry of Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection, Republic of Indonesia; 2020. Available from: https://www.kemenpppa.go.id/page/view/MzA0MA==.
Urke HB, Contreras M, Matanda DJ. The influence of maternal and household resources, and parental psychosocial child stimulation on early childhood development: A cross-sectional study of children 36–59 months in Honduras. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(5):926. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050926.
Tan WY, Ismail N, Arshat Z. Relationship Between Maternal Attachment and Behavioural Adjustment Problems among Children in Selangor, Malaysia. Int J Acad Res Bus Soc Sci. 2021;11(7):1023–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v11-i7/10098.
Emmers D, Jiang Q, Xue H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, et al. Early childhood development and parental training interventions in rural China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Glob Health. 2021;6(8):e005578. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005578.
Fisher JD, Fisher WA. The information-motivation-behavioral skills model. In: Emerging theories in health promotion practice and research: Strategies for improving public health. 1st ed. John Wiley and Sons; 2002. p. 40–70. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261772554_The_Information-Motivation-Behavioral_Skills_Model.
Fisher WA, Fisher JD, Harman J. The information-motivation-behavioral skills model: A general social psychological approach to understanding and promoting health behavior. Soc Psychol Found Health Illn. 2003;22(4):82–106. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470753552.ch4.
Zhong J, Luo R. Interrelationships of Parenting Information, Family Care, and Child Development: A Cross-sectional Study in Rural China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(16):5737. doi:10.3390/ijerph17165737.
Zhong J, He Y, Chen Y, Luo R. Relationships between Parenting Skills and Early Childhood Development in Rural Households in Western China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(5):1506. doi:10.3390/ijerph17051506.
Zhong J, He Y, Gao J, Wang T, Luo R. Parenting Knowledge, Parental Investments, and Early Childhood Development in Rural Households in Western China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(8):2792. doi:10.3390/ijerph17082792.
Murti B. Prinsip dan Metode Riset Epidemiologi. 4th ed. Surakarta: Program Studi Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Sebelas Maret; 2018.
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. Maternal and Child Health Book. Jakarta: Directorate General of Public Health, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia; 2023. Available from: https://ayosehat.kemkes.go.id/buku-kia-kesehatan-ibu-dan-anak.
Britto PR, Lye SJ, Proulx K, Yousafzai AK, Matthews SG, Vaivada T, et al. Nurturing care: promoting early childhood development. Lancet. 2017;389(10064):91–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31390-3.
Blizzard AM, Barroso NE, Ramos FG, Graziano PA, Bagner DM. Behavioral Parent Training in Infancy: What About the Parent-Infant Relationship? J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2018;47(Suppl 1):S341–53. doi:10.1080/15374416.2017.1310045.
Araujo MC, Ardanaz M, Armendáriz E, Behrman JR, Berlinski S, Cristia JP, et al. The early years: child well-being and the role of public policy. Hampshire, UK: Inter-American Development Bank; 2015. https://doi.org/10.18235/0000186.
Jensen SK, Placencio-Castro M, Murray SM, Brennan RT, Goshev S, Farrar J, et al. Effect of a home-visiting parenting program to promote early childhood development and prevent violence: a cluster-randomized trial in Rwanda. BMJ Glob Health. 2021;6(1):e003508. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003508.
Cuartas J, Rey-Guerra C, McCoy DC, Hanno E. Maternal knowledge, stimulation, and early childhood development in low-income families in Colombia. Infancy. 2020;25(5):526–34. doi:10.1111/infa.12335.
Riyadi H, Khomsan A, Anwar F, Herawati T, Hernawati N, Rahma A, et al. Nutrition education and psychosocial stimulation improves child development in rural early childhood education in Indonesia. J Food Nutr Res. 2019;7(10):717–24. doi:10.12691/jfnr-7-10-5.
Hartinger SM, Lanata CF, Hattendorf J, Wolf J, Gil AI, Obando MO, et al. Impact of a child stimulation intervention on early child development in rural Peru: a cluster randomised trial using a reciprocal control design. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2017;71(3):217–24. doi:10.1136/jech-2015-206536.
Özler B, Fernald LCH, Kariger P, McConnell C, Neuman M, Fraga E. Combining pre-school teacher training with parenting education: A cluster-randomized controlled trial. J Dev Econ. 2018;133:448–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.04.004.
Suir I, Boonzaaijer M, Oudgenoeg-Paz O, van Schie PEM, Nuysink J, Jongmans MJ. Parental Beliefs About the Motor Development of Dutch Infants Born Very Preterm: A Cohort Study. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2024;36(1). doi:10.1097/PEP.0000000000001069.
Susanto T, Yunanto RA, Rasny H, Susumaningrum LA, Nur KRM. Promoting Children Growth and Development: A community-based cluster randomized controlled trial in rural areas of Indonesia. Public Health Nurs. 2019;36(4):514–24. doi:10.1111/phn.12620.
Pereira AI, Barros L. Parental Cognitions and Motivation to Engage in Psychological Interventions: A Systematic Review. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2019;50(3):347–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-018-0852-2.
Schuengel C, Oosterman M. Parenting self-efficacy. In: Handbook of parenting: Being and becoming a parent. 3rd ed. Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group; 2019. p. 654–80. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429433214-19.
Pitchik HO, Tofail F, Rahman M, Akter F, Sultana J, Shoab AK, et al. A holistic approach to promoting early child development: a cluster randomised trial of a group-based, multicomponent intervention in rural Bangladesh. BMJ Glob Health. 2021;6(3):e004307. doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004307.
Kim EJ, Cho MJ, Kim MJ. Mothers’ Parenting Stress and Neighborhood Characteristics in Early Childhood (Ages 0-4). Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(5):2648. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052648.
Mesman J, Minter T, Angnged A, Cissé IAH, Salali GD, Migliano AB. Universality Without Uniformity: A Culturally Inclusive Approach to Sensitive Responsiveness in Infant Caregiving. Child Dev. 2018;89(3):837–50. doi:10.1111/cdev.12795.
Luoto JE, Lopez Garcia I, Aboud FE, Singla DR, Zhu R, Otieno R, et al. An Implementation Evaluation of A Group-Based Parenting Intervention to Promote Early Childhood Development in Rural Kenya. Front Public Health. 2021;9:653106. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.653106.