Antihyperglycaemic Efficacy of Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Larval Protein Hydrolysate as a Future Antidiabetic Candidate
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Abstract
Introduction: Hyperglycaemia can occur because of decreased insulin secretion due to pancreatic dysfunction or insulin resistance. The different amino acid content of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae can protect pancreatic beta cells from oxidative stress in patients with diabetes. Protein hydrolysate is a product of protein breakdown catalysed by enzymes into smaller peptides. Insulinotropic amino acids have several pathways that induce insulin synthesis. Methods: Sample preparation of larval protein hydrolysate through dissolution, homogenisation, sonication, enzyme digestion, centrifugation, and lyophilisation. Identify amino acids using LC-MS/MS by dissolving the hydrolysate and ionising the molecules to be separated by the mass analyser. The results were interpreted using the MassLynx software. The α-glucosidase inhibitory assay was conducted for hydrolysate with trypsin incubated for 7 hours. An oral glucose tolerance test was conducted to evaluate hypoglycaemic ability. The selected protein hydrolysate and sham controls were fed orally to male Sprague–Dawley rats using oral gavage. Results: The selected larval protein hydrolysate was a trypsin catalyst incubated for 7 hours. The LC-MS/MS results showed that the chosen protein hydrolysate was based on the types of insulinotropic amino acids, including lysine, methionine, histidine, proline, and ornithine. Hydrolysate insignificantly inhibits glucose absorption in the intestine through the α-glucosidase enzyme. The selected dose was 300 mg/kg BW. Conclusion: The selected hydrolysate was hydrolysed by trypsin enzyme for 7 hours, with an optimum dose of 300 mg/kg BW, to produce the desired hypoglycaemic effect.
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