Development and Validation of Study-to-work Transition Questionnaire, Malaysian Version, Among Occupational Therapist Graduates
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: Smooth transition from study to work is crucial in preparing students for work. Although the questionnaire was used in previous studies to measure transition to work, a limited validated questionnaire is available. The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable Study-to-Work Transition Questionnaire, Malaysian Version (S2WTQMV) that can be used to identify challenges that students face during clinical posting, work readiness, and job satisfaction. Materials and methods: The development of S2WTQMV was conducted in five phases: i) a questionnaire development through literature review; ii) a content validation of the questionnaire; iii) a feasibility study of the questionnaire; iv) the distribution of the questionnaire to 130 occupational therapy alumni; and v) a construct validation of the questionnaire using the ADANCO Version 2.1.1. Results: The questionnaire’s content validity achieved I-CVI ≥0.78 and S-CVI/Ave ≥0.90. Four items with low factor loading (<0.50) and four items with low AVE were removed. The convergent validity of the questionnaire achieved AVE ≥0.50. Good construct reliability was also indicated based on the Dijkstra-Henseler’s rho, Jöreskog’s rho and Cronbach’s alpha values of more than 0.70. Conclusion: S2WTQMV is acceptable to be used as a tool to identify the challenges faced during clinical posting, work readiness and job satisfaction of graduates.
Downloads
Article Details
References
Turpin M, Fitzgerald C, Copley J, Laracy S, Lewis B. Experiences of and support for the transition to practice of newly graduated occupational therapists undertaking a hospital graduate Program. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. 2021;68(1):12-20. doi:10.1111/1440-1630.12693.
Baumann A, Crea‐Arsenio M, Hunsberger M, Fleming‐Carroll B, Keatings M. Work readiness, transition, and integration: The challenge of specialty practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2019;75(4):823-33. doi:10.1111/jan.13918.
Herbert IP, Rothwell AT, Glover JL, Lambert SA. Graduate employability, employment prospects and work-readiness in the changing field of professional work. The International Journal of Management Education. 2020;18(2):100378. doi:10.1016/j.ijme.2020.100378.
Gat S, Ratzon NZ. Comparison of occupational therapy students’ perceived skills after traditional and nontraditional fieldwork. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2014;68(2):e47-e54. doi:10.5014/ajot.2014.007732.
Labrague LJ, De los Santos JAA. Transition shock and newly graduated nurses’ job outcomes and select patient outcomes: A cross‐sectional study. Journal of nursing management. 2020;28(5):1070-9. doi:10.1111/jonm.13033.
Murray C, Turpin M, Edwards I, Jones M. A qualitative meta-synthesis about challenges experienced in occupational therapy practice. British Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2015;78(9):534-46.
Seah CH, Mackenzie L, Gamble J. Transition of graduates of the master of occupational therapy to practice. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. 2011;58(2):103-10. doi:10.1177/0308022615586.
Clarke C, Martin M, de Visser R, Sadlo G. Sustaining professional identity in practice following role-emerging placements: Opportunities and challenges for occupational therapists. British Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2015;78(1):42-50. doi:10.1177/0308022614561238
AlMekkawi M, El Khalil R. New graduate nurses’ readiness to practise: a narrative literature review. Health Professions Education. 2020;6(3):304-16. doi:10.1016/j.hpe.2020.05.008.
Ray ME, Coon JM, Al-Jumaili AA, Fullerton M. Quantitative and qualitative factors associated with social isolation among graduate and professional health science students. American journal of pharmaceutical education. 2019;83(7):6983. doi:10.5688/ajpe6983.
McCombie RP, Antanavage ME. Transitioning from occupational therapy student to practicing occupational therapist: first year of employment. Occupational therapy in health care. 2017;31(2):126-42. doi:10.1080/07380577.2017.1307480.
Ismail R, Yussof I, Sieng LW. Employers’ perceptions on graduates in Malaysian services sector. International Business Management. 2011;5(3):184-93. doi:10.3923/IBM.2011.184.193.
Gray M, Clark M, Penman M, Smith J, Bell J, Thomas Y, et al. New graduate occupational therapists feelings of preparedness for practice in A ustralia and A otearoa/N ew Z ealand. Australian occupational therapy journal. 2012;59(6):445-55. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1630.2012.01029.x.
Hodgetts S, Hollis V, Triska O, Dennis S, Madill H, Taylor E. Occupational therapy students’ and graduates’ satisfaction with professional education and preparedness for practice. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2007;74(3):148-60. doi:10.1177/0008417407074003.
Scanlan JN, Still M. Job satisfaction, burnout and turnover intention in occupational therapists working in mental health. Australian occupational therapy journal. 2013;60(5):310-8. doi:10.1111/1440-1630.12067.
Struwig N, van Stormbroek K. Support, supervision, and job satisfaction: Promising directions for preventing burnout in South African community service occupational therapists. South African Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2023;53(1):67-80. doi:10.17159/2310-3833/2023/vol53n1a8 .
Moore K, Cruickshank M, Haas M. Job satisfaction in occupational therapy: a qualitative investigation in urban Australia. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal. 2006;53(1):18-26. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1630.2006.00539.x.
Artino Jr AR, La Rochelle JS, Dezee KJ, Gehlbach H. Developing questionnaires for educational research: AMEE Guide No. 87. Medical teacher. 2014;36(6):463-74. doi:10.3109/0142159X.2014.889814.
Razaob NA, Geoh MK, Mohd Rasdi HF, Wan Yunus F. A Review of Work Readiness and Job Satisfaction Among Occupational Therapist. BULETIN SK. 2019;3(1):26-36. Available from: https://www.ukm.my/fsk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Edisi-Jun-2019-combine-publish.pdf#page=29.
Almanasreh E, Moles R, Chen TF. Evaluation of methods used for estimating content validity. Research in social and administrative pharmacy. 2019;15(2):214-21. doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.03.066.
Lynn MR. Determination and quantification of content validity. Nursing research. 1986. doi:10.1097/00006199-198611000-00017.
Polit DF, Beck CT. The content validity index: are you sure you know what’s being reported? Critique and recommendations. Research in nursing & health. 2006;29(5):489-97. doi:10.1002/nur.20147.
Beatty PC, Willis GB. Research synthesis: The practice of cognitive interviewing. Public opinion quarterly. 2007;71(2):287-311. doi:10.1093/poq/nfm006.
Perneger TV, Courvoisier DS, Hudelson PM, Gayet-Ageron A. Sample size for pre-tests of questionnaires. Quality of life Research. 2015;24(1):147-51. doi:10.1007/s11136-014-0752-2.
Wright J, Moghaddam N, Dawson DL. Cognitive interviewing in patient-reported outcome measures: A systematic review of methodological processes. Qualitative Psychology. 2021;8(1):2. doi:10.1037/qup0000145.
Chuan CL, Penyelidikan J. Sample size estimation using Krejcie and Morgan and Cohen statistical power analysis: A comparison. Jurnal Penyelidikan IPBL. 2006;7(1):78-86. Available from: http://www.ipbl.edu.my/portal/penyelidikan/jurnalpapers/jurnal2006/chua06.pdf
Henseler J, Hubona G, Ray PA. Using PLS path modeling in new technology research: updated guidelines. Industrial management & data systems. 2016. doi:10.1108/IMDS-09-2015-0382.
Zainudin A. SEM made simple: A gentle approach to learning Structural Equation Modeling: MPWS Rich Publication, Bangi; 2015. Available from: https://eprints.unisza.edu.my/3180/.
Brown TA, Moore MT. Confirmatory factor analysis. Handbook of structural equation modeling. Retrieved September. 2012;18:2018. Available from: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2012-16551-022.
Hair JF, Sarstedt M, Ringle CM, Mena JA. An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the academy of marketing science. 2012;40(3):414-33. doi:10.1007/s11747-011-0261-6.
Hair Jr JF, Hult GTM, Ringle CM, Sarstedt M, Danks NP, Ray S. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using R: A workbook: Springer Nature; 2021. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7.
Fornell C, Larcker DF. Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of marketing research. 1981;18(1):39-50. doi:10.1177/002224378101800104.
Kline RB. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling: Guilford publications; 2023. Available from: https://www.guilford.com/books/Principles-and-Practice-of-Structural-Equation-Modeling/Rex-Kline/9781462551910.
Minichiello V, Sullivan G, Greenwood K, Axford R. Research methods for nursing and health science: Pearson Education Australia; 2004. Available from: https://hdl.handle.net/1959.11/4814.
Opoku EN, Khuabi L-AJ-N, Van Niekerk L. Exploring the factors that affect the transition from student to health professional: an Integrative review. BMC Medical Education. 2021;21(1):1-12. doi:10.1186/s12909-021-02978-0.
Opoku EN, Van Niekerk L, Khuabi L-AJ-N. Exploring the factors that affect new graduates’ transition from students to health professionals: A systematic integrative review protocol. BMJ open. 2020;10(8):e033734. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033734.
Dawes J. Do data characteristics change according to the number of scale points used? An experiment using 5-point, 7-point and 10-point scales. International journal of market research. 2008;50(1):61-104. doi:10.1177/147078530805000106.
Chang L. A psychometric evaluation of 4-point and 6-point Likert-type scales in relation to reliability and validity. Applied psychological measurement. 1994;18(3):205-15. doi:10.1177/014662169401800302.
Sonderen Ev, Sanderman R, Coyne JC. Ineffectiveness of reverse wording of questionnaire items: Let’s learn from cows in the rain. PloS one. 2013;8(7):e68967. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068967.
Arifin WN, Yusoff MSB. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Universiti Sains Malaysia emotional quotient inventory among medical students in Malaysia. Sage Open. 2016;6(2): doi:10.1177/2158244016650240.
Hoyle RH. Confirmatory factor analysis. Handbook of applied multivariate statistics and mathematical modeling: Elsevier; 2000. p. 465-97. doi:10.1016/B978-012691360-6/50017-3.
Marsh HW, Morin AJ, Parker PD, Kaur G. Exploratory structural equation modeling: An integration of the best features of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Annual review of clinical psychology. 2014;10:85-110. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153700.
Toal-Sullivan D. New graduates’ experiences of learning to practise occupational therapy. British Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2006;69(11):513-24. doi:10.1177/030802260606901105.
Mwakasangula E, Mwita K. Relationship between occupational stress and job satisfaction among teachers in Tanzanian public primary schools. Journal of Co-operative and Business Studies (JCBS). 2021;5(1). doi:10.2023/jcbs.v5i1.42.
Smith R, Pilling S. Supporting the transition from student to professional—A case study in allied health. Australian Health Review. 2008;32(1):134-8. doi:10.1071/AH080134.
Bonello M. Perceptions of fieldwork education in Malta: Challenges and opportunities. Occupational Therapy International. 2001;8(1):17-33. doi:10.1002/oti.129.
Rezaee M, Rassafiani M, Khankeh H, Hosseini MA. Experiences of occupational therapy students in the first fieldwork education: a qualitative study. Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran. 2014;28:110. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4301239/pdf/MJIRI-28-110.pdf.
Bonsaksen T, Horghagen S, Arntzen C, Gramstad A, Stigen L. Job satisfaction among occupational therapists employed in primary Care Services in Norway. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023;20(6):5062. doi:10.3390/ijerph20065062.
Gelhard C, Delft S. The role of strategic and value chain flexibility in achieving sustainability performance: An empirical analysis using conventional and consistent PLS. 2015. doi:10.3990/2.350.